{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T15:54:39Z","timestamp":1773158079924,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,26]],"date-time":"2023-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["00302054A3004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00302054A3004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a portable photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) system is proposed based on a large stroke electrothermal micromirror to achieve high resolution and fast imaging. The crucial micromirror in the system realizes a precise and efficient 2-axis control. Two different designs of electrothermal actuators with \u201cO\u201d and \u201cZ\u201d shape are evenly located around the four directions of mirror plate. With a symmetrical structure, the actuator realized single direction drive only. The finite element modelling of both two proposed micromirror has realized a large displacement over 550 \u03bcm and the scan angle over \u00b130.43\u00b0 at 0\u201310 V DC excitation. In addition, the steady-state and transient-state response show a high linearity and quick response respectively, which can contribute to a fast and stable imaging. Using the Linescan model, the system achieves an effective imaging area of 1 mm \u00d7 3 mm in 14 s and 1 mm \u00d7 4 mm in 12 s for the \u201cO\u201d and \u201cZ\u201d types, respectively. The proposed PAM systems have advantages in image resolution and control accuracy, indicating a significant potential in the field of facial angiography.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T02:15:37Z","timestamp":1677464137000},"page":"2592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Modeling of Rapid Pam Systems Based on Electrothermal Micromirror for High-Resolution Facial Angiography"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yuanlin","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianxiang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7402-9194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowen, T. 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