{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:55:35Z","timestamp":1760147735902,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Photonics, Electronics and Lighting Technology at Bialystok University of Technology","award":["WZ\/WE-IA\/3\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WZ\/WE-IA\/3\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper contains the design of active optical lenses used for the detection of arc flashing emissions. The phenomenon of an arc flashing emission and its characteristics were contemplated. Methods of preventing these emissions in electric power systems were discussed as well. The article also includes a comparison of commercially available detectors. An analysis of the material properties of fluorescent optical fiber UV-VIS-detecting sensors constitutes a major part of the paper. The main purpose of the work was to make an active lens using photoluminescent materials, which can convert ultraviolet radiation into visible light. As part of the work, active lenses with materials such as Poly(methyl 2-methylpropenoate) (PMMA) and phosphate glass doped with lanthanides, such as terbium (Tb3+) and europium (Eu3+) ions, were analyzed. These lenses were used to make optical sensors, which were supported by commercially available sensors in their construction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T02:01:51Z","timestamp":1677549711000},"page":"2629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of an Active Optical Lens for Arc Flashing Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Awramiuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1027-1483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Sadowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Wiater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3488-5674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Sajewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0251-186X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Kochanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2607-0619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Walendziuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2680-937X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek M.","family":"\u017bmojda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"027103","DOI":"10.1117\/1.OE.56.2.027103","article-title":"Fiber-Optic Arc Flash Sensor Based on Plastic Optical Fibers for Simultaneous Measurements of Arc Flash Event Position","volume":"56","author":"Jeong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Opt. 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