{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T07:36:26Z","timestamp":1781940986331,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51708429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51708429"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T2020010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2020010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Open Projects Foundation of Engineering Research Center of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Southeast Coastal Engineering Structures of Fujian Province University","award":["51708429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51708429"]}]},{"name":"Open Projects Foundation of Engineering Research Center of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Southeast Coastal Engineering Structures of Fujian Province University","award":["2022009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022009"]}]},{"name":"Open Projects Foundation of Engineering Research Center of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Southeast Coastal Engineering Structures of Fujian Province University","award":["T2020010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2020010"]}]},{"name":"Plan of Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Scientific and Technological Innovation Team in Universities of Hubei Province","award":["51708429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51708429"]}]},{"name":"Plan of Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Scientific and Technological Innovation Team in Universities of Hubei Province","award":["2022009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022009"]}]},{"name":"Plan of Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Scientific and Technological Innovation Team in Universities of Hubei Province","award":["T2020010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2020010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study proposed a separation method to identify the temperature-induced response from the long-term monitoring data with noise and other action-induced effects. In the proposed method, the original measured data are transformed using the local outlier factor (LOF), and the threshold of the LOF is determined by minimizing the variance of the modified data. The Savitzky\u2013Golay convolution smoothing is also utilized to filter the noise of the modified data. Furthermore, this study proposes an optimization algorithm, namely the AOHHO, which hybridizes the Aquila Optimizer (AO) and the Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) to identify the optimal value of the threshold of the LOF. The AOHHO employs the exploration ability of the AO and the exploitation ability of the HHO. Four benchmark functions illustrate that the proposed AOHHO owns a stronger search ability than the other four metaheuristic algorithms. A numerical example and in situ measured data are utilized to evaluate the performances of the proposed separation method. The results show that the separation accuracy of the proposed method is better than the wavelet-based method and is based on machine learning methods in different time windows. The maximum separation errors of the two methods are about 2.2 times and 5.1 times that of the proposed method, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T02:01:51Z","timestamp":1677549711000},"page":"2632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Separation of Temperature-Induced Response for Bridge Long-Term Monitoring Data Using Local Outlier Correction and Savitzky\u2013Golay Convolution Smoothing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China"},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green Civil Engineering Materials and Structures, Wuhan 430073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyou","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiucheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Southeast Coastal Engineering Structures (JDGC03), Fujian Province University, Putian 351100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aixin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanhao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhangjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s13349-020-00444-x","article-title":"Structural health monitoring research under varying temperature condition: A review","volume":"11","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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