{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T04:08:42Z","timestamp":1773979722126,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Key Research and Development Plan Project of Hubei Province","award":["2022BAA075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022BAA075"]}]},{"name":"the Key Research and Development Plan Project of Hubei Province","award":["2020ZYYD035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ZYYD035"]}]},{"name":"the Central Committee Guides Local Special Projects for Science and Technology Development","award":["2022BAA075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022BAA075"]}]},{"name":"the Central Committee Guides Local Special Projects for Science and Technology Development","award":["2020ZYYD035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ZYYD035"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to improve the accuracy of detection results of debonding defects of aluminum alloy thin plate, the nonlinear ultrasonic technology is used to detect the simulated defect samples, aiming at problems such as near surface blind region caused by the interaction of incident wave, reflected wave and even second harmonic wave in a short time due to the small thickness of thin plates. An integral method based on energy transfer efficiency is proposed to calculate the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient to characterize the debonding defects of thin plates. A series of simulated debonding defects of different sizes were made using aluminum alloy plates with four thicknesses of 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm and 10 mm. By comparing the traditional nonlinear coefficient with the integral nonlinear coefficient proposed in this paper, it is verified that both methods can quantitatively characterize the size of debonding defects. The nonlinear ultrasonic testing technology based on energy transfer efficiency has higher testing accuracy for thin plates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23063008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T05:02:17Z","timestamp":1678424537000},"page":"3008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Energy Transfer Efficiency Based Nonlinear Ultrasonic Testing Technique for Debonding Defects of Aluminum Alloy Foam Sandwich Panels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4974-9077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Modern Manufacturing Quality Engineering, Wuhan 430068, China"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Modern Manufacturing Quality Engineering, Wuhan 430068, China"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Modern Manufacturing Quality Engineering, Wuhan 430068, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9197-5716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Modern Manufacturing Quality Engineering, Wuhan 430068, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8339-4441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Modern Manufacturing Quality Engineering, Wuhan 430068, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mester, E., Pecsm\u00e1ny, D., J\u00e1lics, K., Filep, \u00c1., Varga, M., Gr\u00e1czer, K., Viskolcz, B., and Fiser, B. 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