{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T14:57:54Z","timestamp":1776524274953,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["811226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["811226"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biodegradable magnesium-based implants offer mechanical properties similar to natural bone, making them advantageous over nonbiodegradable metallic implants. However, monitoring the interaction between magnesium and tissue over time without interference is difficult. A noninvasive method, optical near-infrared spectroscopy, can be used to monitor tissue\u2019s functional and structural properties. In this paper, we collected optical data from an in vitro cell culture medium and in vivo studies using a specialized optical probe. Spectroscopic data were acquired over two weeks to study the combined effect of biodegradable Mg-based implant disks on the cell culture medium in vivo. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for data analysis. In the in vivo study, we evaluated the feasibility of using the near-infrared (NIR) spectra to understand physiological events in response to magnesium alloy implantation at specific time points (Day 0, 3, 7, and 14) after surgery. Our results show that the optical probe can detect variations in vivo from biological tissues of rats with biodegradable magnesium alloy \u201cWE43\u201d implants, and the analysis identified a trend in the optical data over two weeks. The primary challenge of in vivo data analysis is the complexity of the implant interaction near the interface with the biological medium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23063063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T03:28:33Z","timestamp":1678678113000},"page":"3063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["In Vivo Analysis of a Biodegradable Magnesium Alloy Implant in an Animal Model Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Mathew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, OsloMet\u2014Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3499-2218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafiz Wajahat","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, OsloMet\u2014Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0387-6609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Korostynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, OsloMet\u2014Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Westad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"}]},{"given":"Eduarda","family":"Mota-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), San Cataldo Research Area, 56124 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Life Sciences, Sant\u2019Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3293-9616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Menichetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), San Cataldo Research Area, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7664-5513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peyman","family":"Mirtaheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, OsloMet\u2014Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-020-0706-y","article-title":"Fragility fractures in Europe: Burden, management and opportunities","volume":"15","author":"Karlsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. 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