{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T09:59:54Z","timestamp":1775642394554,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Environmental Protection Administration","award":["107-B004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107-B004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Given progress in water-quality analytical technology and the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) in recent years, compact and durable automated water-quality monitoring devices have substantial market potential. Due to susceptibility to the influence of interfering substances, which lowers measurement accuracy, existing automated online monitoring devices for turbidity, a key indicator of a natural water body, feature a single light source and are thus insufficient for more complicated water-quality measurement. The newly developed modularized water-quality monitoring device boasts dual light sources (VIS\/NIR), capable of measuring the intensity of scattering, transmission, and reference light at the same time. Coupled with a water-quality prediction model, it can attain a good estimate for continuing monitoring of tap water (&lt;2 NTU, error &lt; 0.16 NTU, relative error &lt; 19.6%) and environmental water samples (&lt;400 NTU, error &lt; 3.86 NTU, relative error &lt; 2.3%). This indicates the optical module can both monitor water quality in low turbidity and provide water-treatment information alerts in high turbidity, thereby materializing automated water-quality monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23063073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T07:28:15Z","timestamp":1678692495000},"page":"3073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Development of Innovative Online Modularized Device for Turbidity Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Chen-Hua","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 310, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Yu-Xuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 310, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7716-188X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Kuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Measurement Standards, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 310, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Mei-Chun","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 310, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ziegler, A.C. 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