{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T19:17:14Z","timestamp":1776971834130,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32161143021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32161143021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4001873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4001873"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003968","name":"Iran National Science Foundation (INSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32161143021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32161143021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003968","name":"Iran National Science Foundation (INSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4001873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4001873"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glucose sensors based blood glucose detection are of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes because diabetes has aroused wide concern in the world. In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used to cross-link glucose oxidase (GOD) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by a composite of hydroxy fullerene (HFs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and protected with a glutaraldehyde (GLA)\/Nafion (NF) composite membrane to prepare a novel glucose biosensor. The modified materials were analyzed by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The prepared MWCNTs-HFs composite has excellent conductivity, the addition of BSA regulates MWCNTs-HFs hydrophobicity and biocompatibility, and better immobilizes GOD on MWCNTs-HFs. MWCNTs-BSA-HFs plays a synergistic role in the electrochemical response to glucose. The biosensor shows high sensitivity (167 \u03bcA\u00b7mM\u22121\u00b7cm\u22122), wide calibration range (0.01\u20133.5 mM), and low detection limit (17 \u03bcM). The apparent Michaelis\u2013Menten constant Kmapp is 119 \u03bcM. Additionally, the proposed biosensor has good selectivity and excellent storage stability (120 days). The practicability of the biosensor was evaluated in real plasma samples, and the recovery rate was satisfactory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23063209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T04:10:48Z","timestamp":1679026248000},"page":"3209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Glucose Biosensor Based on Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on BSA Cross-Linked Nanocomposite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yang-Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China"}]},{"given":"Xin-Xin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China"}]},{"given":"Xin-Yan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China"}]},{"given":"Lin-Lin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China"}]},{"given":"Yu-Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China"}]},{"given":"Ke-Xin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China"}]},{"given":"Ali Akbar","family":"Moosavi-Movahedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614418, Iran"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4489-6238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bao-Lin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6028-4103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.01.019","article-title":"A review of diabetes treatment adherence and the association with clinical and economic outcomes","volume":"33","author":"Asche","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. 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