{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T17:16:38Z","timestamp":1772644598471,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21922408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21922408"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22274081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22274081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20190806"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20190806"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Young Scientists","award":["21922408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21922408"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Young Scientists","award":["22274081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22274081"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Young Scientists","award":["BK20190806"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20190806"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>DNA has been actively utilized as bricks to construct exquisite nanostructures due to their unparalleled programmability. Particularly, nanostructures based on framework DNA (F-DNA) with controllable size, tailorable functionality, and precise addressability hold excellent promise for molecular biology studies and versatile tools for biosensor applications. In this review, we provide an overview of the current development of F-DNA-enabled biosensors. Firstly, we summarize the design and working principle of F-DNA-based nanodevices. Then, recent advances in their use in different kinds of target sensing with effectiveness have been exhibited. Finally, we envision potential perspectives on the future opportunities and challenges of biosensing platforms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23063313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T06:56:48Z","timestamp":1679381808000},"page":"3313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Programmable Nanostructures Based on Framework-DNA for Applications in Biosensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0750-6576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/171737a0","article-title":"Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids A Structure","volume":"171","author":"Watson","year":"1953","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b05009","article-title":"DNA-Based Scaffolds for Sensing Applications","volume":"91","author":"Ranallo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1021\/ar400195t","article-title":"Functional DNA Nanostructures for Theranostic Applications","volume":"47","author":"Pei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.07.021","article-title":"Design and application of multifunctional DNA nanocarriers for therapeutic delivery","volume":"10","author":"Charoenphol","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2015.195","article-title":"DNA nanotechnology from the test tube to the cell","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2016.2","article-title":"Enhancing nanopore sensing with DNA nanotechnology","volume":"11","author":"Keyser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b04190","article-title":"Nucleic Acid Biosensors: Recent Advances and Perspectives","volume":"89","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9361","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b04648","article-title":"Highly Ordered and Field-Free 3D DNA Nanostructure: The Next Generation of DNA Nanomachine for Rapid Single-Step Sensing","volume":"140","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6459","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00663","article-title":"DNA Nanotechnology-Enabled Drug Delivery Systems","volume":"119","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.03.040","article-title":"Nucleic acid-based drug delivery strategies","volume":"323","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao4284","article-title":"A self-assembled nanoscale robotic arm controlled by electric fields","volume":"359","author":"Kopperger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8721","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b03450","article-title":"Intercommunication of DNA-Based Constitutional Dynamic Networks","volume":"140","author":"Yue","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao0599","article-title":"Directing reconfigurable DNA nanoarrays","volume":"357","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42058","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b15921","article-title":"Nanoengineered Peptide-Grafted Hyperbranched Polymers for Killing of Bacteria Monitored in Real Time via Intrinsic Aggregation-Induced Emission","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5856","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c22586","article-title":"Photonic Hydrogels for Synergistic Visual Bacterial Detection and On-Site Photothermal Disinfection","volume":"14","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c03929","article-title":"DNA Nanoswitch Barcodes for Multiplexed Biomarker Profiling","volume":"21","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-anchem-061417-125811","article-title":"DNA Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Sensors for Nucleic Acids","volume":"11","author":"Ferapontova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603991","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201603991","article-title":"DNA-Origami-Based Assembly of Anisotropic Plasmonic Gold Nanostructures","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-018-0205-3","article-title":"Solving mazes with single-molecule DNA navigators","volume":"18","author":"Chao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(82)90002-9","article-title":"Nucleic acid junctions and lattices","volume":"99","author":"Seeman","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/350631a0","article-title":"Synthesis from DNA of a molecule with the connectivity of a cube","volume":"350","author":"Chen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3220","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-3773(19981217)37:23<3220::AID-ANIE3220>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Nucleic Acid Nanostructures and Topology","volume":"37","author":"Seeman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01406","article-title":"DNA in a material world","volume":"421","author":"Seeman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4240","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9629586","article-title":"Direct Evidence for Holliday Junction Crossover Isomerization","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00064a003","article-title":"DNA double-crossover molecules","volume":"32","author":"Fu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1021\/ja993393e","article-title":"Construction, Analysis, Ligation, and Self-Assembly of DNA Triple Crossover Complexes","volume":"122","author":"LaBean","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1021\/ja038381e","article-title":"Paranemic Crossover DNA: A Generalized Holliday Structure with Applications in Nanotechnology","volume":"126","author":"Shen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3843","DOI":"10.1021\/ja1108886","article-title":"Design and construction of double-decker tile as a route to three-dimensional periodic assembly of DNA","volume":"133","author":"Majumder","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1021\/nl060994c","article-title":"Two-Dimensional Nanoparticle Arrays Show the Organizational Power of Robust DNA Motifs","volume":"6","author":"Zheng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12202","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0541938","article-title":"Self-Assembly of Hexagonal DNA Two-Dimensional (2D) Arrays","volume":"127","author":"He","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15978","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0665141","article-title":"Highly Connected Two-Dimensional Crystals of DNA Six-Point-Stars","volume":"128","author":"He","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1120367","article-title":"Rapid chiral assembly of rigid DNA building blocks for molecular nanofabrication","volume":"310","author":"Goodman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13376","DOI":"10.1021\/ja075966q","article-title":"Modular Access to Structurally Switchable 3D Discrete DNA Assemblies","volume":"129","author":"Aldaye","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7999","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201203875","article-title":"Controlling the Chirality of DNA Nanocages","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1021\/ja5101307","article-title":"Self-assembly of responsive multilayered DNA nanocages","volume":"137","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1021\/ja809666h","article-title":"Symmetry Controls the Face Geometry of DNA Polyhedra","volume":"131","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06597","article-title":"Hierarchical self-assembly of DNA into symmetric supramolecular polyhedra","volume":"452","author":"He","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10665","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803841105","article-title":"Conformational flexibility facilitates self-assembly of complex DNA nanostructures","volume":"105","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08274","article-title":"From molecular to macroscopic via the rational design of a self-assembled 3D DNA crystal","volume":"461","author":"Zheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02307","article-title":"A 1.7-kilobase single-stranded DNA that folds into a nanoscale octahedron","volume":"427","author":"Shih","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04586","article-title":"Folding DNA to create nanoscale shapes and patterns","volume":"440","author":"Rothemund","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1021\/nn800215j","article-title":"DNA Origami Design of Dolphin-Shaped Structures with Flexible Tails","volume":"2","author":"Andersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8103","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1032954100","article-title":"Directed nucleation assembly of DNA tile complexes for barcode-patterned lattices","volume":"100","author":"Yan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1202998","article-title":"DNA origami with complex curvatures in three-dimensional space","volume":"332","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1021\/nl901165f","article-title":"Scaffolded DNA Origami of a DNA Tetrahedron Molecular Container","volume":"9","author":"Ke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4182","DOI":"10.1039\/b907800b","article-title":"Design and construction of a box-shaped 3D-DNA origami","volume":"28","author":"Kuzuya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15570","DOI":"10.1021\/ja904252e","article-title":"DNA Prism Structures Constructed by Folding of Multiple Rectangular Arms","volume":"131","author":"Endo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232252","article-title":"DNA Gridiron Nanostructures Based on Four-Arm Junctions","volume":"339","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2015.162","article-title":"Complex wireframe DNA origami nanostructures with multi-arm junction vertices","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14586","article-title":"DNA rendering of polyhedral meshes at the nanoscale","volume":"523","author":"Benson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1157312","article-title":"Programming DNA Tube Circumferences","volume":"321","author":"Yin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1229960","article-title":"LEGO-like DNA Structures","volume":"338","author":"Gothelf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2019.11.056","article-title":"Visual detection for nucleic acid-based techniques as potential on-site detection methods. A review","volume":"1099","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2011.187","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities for structural DNA nanotechnology","volume":"6","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2019.05.004","article-title":"Research advances in the detection of miRNA","volume":"9","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Anal."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.06.053","article-title":"A recyclable biointerface based on cross-linked branched DNA nanostructures for ultrasensitive nucleic acid detection","volume":"117","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.09.007","article-title":"A multiplexed circulating tumor DNA detection platform engineered from 3D-coded interlocked DNA rings","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.1c01647","article-title":"DNA Nanotweezers for Biosensing Applications: Recent Advances and Future Prospects","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10701","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b00477","article-title":"Dynamical Regulation of Enzyme Cascade Amplification by a Regenerated DNA Nanotweezer for Ultrasensitive Electrochemical DNA Detection","volume":"90","author":"Kou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3715","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b18497","article-title":"An Enzyme-Free \u201cON-OFF\u201d Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of PML\/RARalpha based on Target-Switched DNA Nanotweezer","volume":"11","author":"Bian","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b11001","article-title":"DNA Origami-Graphene Hybrid Nanopore for DNA Detection","volume":"9","author":"Dibaeinia","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.07.001","article-title":"Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of miRNA-21 by using an iridium(III) complex as catalyst","volume":"86","author":"Miao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.06.051","article-title":"Target-triggered three-way junction in conjugation with catalytic concatemers-functionalized nanocomposites provides a highly sensitive colorimetric method for miR-21 detection","volume":"117","author":"Hosseinzadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4604","DOI":"10.1021\/ja311313b","article-title":"Lab in a Tube: Ultrasensitive Detection of MicroRNAs at the Single-Cell Level and in Breast Cancer Patients Using Quadratic Isothermal Amplification","volume":"135","author":"Duan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114836","article-title":"A novel cascade signal amplification strategy integrating CRISPR\/Cas13a and branched hybridization chain reaction for ultra-sensitive and specific SERS detection of disease-related nucleic acids","volume":"219","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59076","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c17234","article-title":"DNA Tetrahedron-Based MNAzyme for Sensitive Detection of microRNA with Elemental Tagging","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2019.120677","article-title":"Simultaneous fluorescent detection of multiplexed miRNA of liver cancer based on DNA tetrahedron nanotags","volume":"210","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2000003","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202000003","article-title":"DNA-Driven Two-Layer Core-Satellite Gold Nanostructures for Ultrasensitive MicroRNA Detection in Living Cells","volume":"16","author":"Meng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.18133","article-title":"Progress in Exosome Isolation Techniques","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-016-0753-x","article-title":"Plasma exosome microRNAs are indicative of breast cancer","volume":"18","author":"Hannafon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-019-1109-0","article-title":"Exosomal miRNA profile as complementary tool in the diagnostic and prediction of treatment response in localized breast cancer under neoadjuvant chemotherapy","volume":"21","author":"Ortega","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13043","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c01980","article-title":"DNA Zipper Mediated Membrane Fusion for Rapid Exosomal MiRNA Detection","volume":"94","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122432","article-title":"Simultaneous detection of tumor-related mRNA and miRNA in cancer cells with magnetic SERS nanotags","volume":"232","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2020.01.012","article-title":"Circular RNAs in Cancer: Biogenesis, Function, and Clinical Significance","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200800370","article-title":"Molecular Engineering of DNA: Molecular Beacons","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12952","DOI":"10.1021\/ja406252w","article-title":"A Targeted, Self-Delivered, and Photocontrolled Molecular Beacon for mRNA Detection in Living Cells","volume":"135","author":"Qiu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15216","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c04133","article-title":"Strand Displacement Amplification Assisted CRISPR-Cas12a Strategy for Colorimetric Analysis of Viral Nucleic Acid","volume":"93","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113507","article-title":"Photothermal mediated rolling circle amplification toward specific and direct in situ mRNA detection","volume":"192","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6829","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b01778","article-title":"Electrostatic nucleic acid nanoassembly enables hybridization chain reaction in living cells for ultrasensitive mRNA imaging","volume":"137","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113508","article-title":"Specific and sensitive detection of CircRNA based on netlike hybridization chain reaction","volume":"192","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06451","article-title":"Programming biomolecular self-assembly pathways","volume":"451","author":"Yin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114258","article-title":"Catalytic hairpin self-assembly regulated chameleon silver nanoclusters for the ratiometric detection of CircRNA","volume":"209","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113500","article-title":"An integrated electrochemical POCT platform for ultrasensitive circRNA detection towards hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis","volume":"192","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2021.338428","article-title":"Zettomole electrochemical HIV DNA detection using 2D DNA-Au nanowire structure, hemin\/G-quadruplex and polymerase chain reaction multi-signal synergistic amplification","volume":"1159","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.09.023","article-title":"Ultra-sensitive detection by metal nanoparticles-mediated enhanced SPR biosensors","volume":"192","author":"Fathi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2017.08.042","article-title":"Highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensor for the detection of HIV-related DNA based on dynamic and structural DNA nanodevices","volume":"100","author":"Diao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2101155","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202101155","article-title":"Collaborative Equilibrium Coupling of Catalytic DNA Nanostructures Enables Programmable Detection of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113629","article-title":"Accessible detection of SARS-CoV-2 through molecular nanostructures and automated microfluidics","volume":"194","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-022-00907-0","article-title":"A paper-based assay for the colorimetric detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants at single-nucleotide resolution","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"1843","article-title":"Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens","volume":"323","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-00939-8","article-title":"Liposome-mediated detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-positive extracellular vesicles in plasma","volume":"16","author":"Ning","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14755","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c03401","article-title":"Electrochemical Aptasensing of SARS-CoV-2 Based on Triangular Prism DNA Nanostructures and Dumbbell Hybridization Chain Reaction","volume":"94","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-019-0369-8","article-title":"Designer DNA architecture offers precise and multivalent spatial pattern-recognition for viral sensing and inhibition","volume":"12","author":"Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chauhan, N., Xiong, Y., Ren, S., Dwivedy, A., Magazine, N., Zhou, L., Jin, X., Zhang, T., Cunningham, B.T., and Yao, S. (2022). Net-Shaped DNA Nanostructures Designed for Rapid\/Sensitive Detection and Potential Inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus. J. Am. Chem. Soc.","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c04835"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23465","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c09870","article-title":"Three on Three: Universal and High-Affinity Molecular Recognition of the Symmetric Homotrimeric Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 with a Symmetric Homotrimeric Aptamer","volume":"144","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12683","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c01993","article-title":"SCORe: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant RBD-Binding DNA Aptamer for Multiplexed Rapid Detection and Pseudovirus Neutralization","volume":"94","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b09347","article-title":"Programmable Nucleic Acid Nanoswitches for the Rapid, Single-Step Detection of Antibodies in Bodily Fluids","volume":"140","author":"Porchetta","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5820","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c11706","article-title":"Programmable Cell-Free Transcriptional Switches for Antibody Detection","volume":"144","author":"Bracaglia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2022.123404","article-title":"Label-free and highly sensitive APE1 detection based on rolling circle amplification combined with G-quadruplex","volume":"244","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.121451","article-title":"A novel aptasensor based on HCR and G-quadruplex DNAzyme for fluorescence detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen","volume":"221","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28697","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c09135","article-title":"Simultaneous Homogeneous Fluorescence Detection of AFP and GPC3 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Clinical Samples Assisted by Enzyme-Free Catalytic Hairpin Assembly","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114827","article-title":"Universal DNAzyme walkers-triggered CRISPR-Cas12a\/Cas13a bioassay for the synchronous detection of two exosomal proteins and its application in intelligent diagnosis of cancer","volume":"219","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15596","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b04942","article-title":"A Highly Selective Electrochemical DNA-Based Sensor That Employs Steric Hindrance Effects to Detect Proteins Directly in Whole Blood","volume":"137","author":"Mahshid","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"114827","article-title":"Y-shaped DNA nanostructures assembled-spherical nucleic acids as target converters to activate CRISPR-Cas12a enabling sensitive ECL biosensing","volume":"214","author":"Yi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9345","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202015564","article-title":"Hybrid Wireframe DNA Nanostructures with Scaffolded and Scaffold-Free Modules","volume":"60","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7086","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b00011","article-title":"DNA Tetrahedron Based Biosensor for Argonaute2 Assay in Single Cells and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Related Ribonuclease H Detection in Vitro","volume":"91","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3014","DOI":"10.1002\/celc.201800732","article-title":"Analysis of 2D DNA Origami with Nanopipettes","volume":"5","author":"Raveendran","year":"2018","journal-title":"ChemElectroChem"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4384","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18132-1","article-title":"Rational design of DNA nanostructures for single molecule biosensing","volume":"11","author":"Raveendran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2016.50","article-title":"Digitally encoded DNA nanostructures for multiplexed, single-molecule protein sensing with nanopores","volume":"11","author":"Bell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-019-0417-0","article-title":"Barcoded DNA nanostructures for the multiplexed profiling of subcellular protein distribution","volume":"3","author":"Sundah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-019-3470-1","article-title":"DNA nanotetrahedron linked dual-aptamer based voltammetric aptasensor for cardiac troponin I using a magnetic metal-organic framework as a label","volume":"186","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11409","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c01243","article-title":"Dual-Wavelength Electrochemiluminescence Ratiometric Biosensor for NF-kappaB p50 Detection with Dimethylthiodiaminoterephthalate Fluorophore and Self-Assembled DNA Tetrahedron Nanostructures Probe","volume":"12","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-021-00258-x","article-title":"DNA tetrahedron-mediated immune-sandwich assay for rapid and sensitive detection of PSA through a microfluidic electrochemical detection system","volume":"7","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114282","article-title":"Aptamer-based Cas14a1 biosensor for amplification-free live pathogenic detection","volume":"211","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.05.043","article-title":"An electronic pollen detection method using Coulter counting principle","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114490","article-title":"Enzyme-free catalytic hairpin assembly reaction-mediated micro-orifice resistance assay for the ultrasensitive and low-cost detection of Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"214","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15448","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201906438","article-title":"Stochastic DNA Walkers in Droplets for Super-Multiplexed Bacterial Phenotype Detection","volume":"58","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-018-0267-z","article-title":"Bacteria photosensitized by intracellular gold nanoclusters for solar fuel production","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40671","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b12734","article-title":"Nanozyme-Mediated Dual Immunoassay Integrated with Smartphone for Use in Simultaneous Detection of Pathogens","volume":"9","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801484","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201801484","article-title":"Synthesis of Pt Hollow Nanodendrites with Enhanced Peroxidase-Like Activity against Bacterial Infections: Implication for Wound Healing","volume":"28","author":"Ge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5770","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14429","article-title":"Nanozyme-based lateral flow assay for the sensitive detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in milk","volume":"101","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b06893","article-title":"Colorimetric Aptasensor Based on Truncated Aptamer and Trivalent DNAzyme for Vibrio parahemolyticus Determination","volume":"67","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4990","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b05149","article-title":"Stochastic DNA Dual-Walkers for Ultrafast Colorimetric Bacteria Detection","volume":"92","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-021-00718-x","article-title":"Integrating programmable DNAzymes with electrical readout for rapid and culture-free bacterial detection using a handheld platform","volume":"13","author":"Pandey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.122062","article-title":"The universal dual-mode aptasensor for simultaneous determination of different bacteria based on naked eyes and microfluidic-chip together with magnetic DNA encoded probes","volume":"225","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11468","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c03916","article-title":"Detection of Heavy Metal Ions by Ratiometric Photoelectric Sensor","volume":"70","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2021.339397","article-title":"Development of a two-in-one integrated bioassay for simultaneous and rapid on-site detection of Pb(2+) and Hg(2+) in water","volume":"1194","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111598","article-title":"Potential liver damage due to co-exposure to As, Cd, and Pb in mining areas: Association analysis and research trends from a Chinese perspective","volume":"201","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127208","article-title":"A visual Hg(2+) detection strategy based on distance as readout by G-quadruplex DNAzyme on microfluidic paper","volume":"331","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5478","DOI":"10.1039\/C7AY01916E","article-title":"Highly sensitive electrochemical detection of mercuric ions based on sequential nucleic acid amplification and guanine nanowire formation","volume":"9","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122543","article-title":"DNAzyme-based sensing probe protected by DNA tetrahedron from nuclease degradation for the detection of lead ions","volume":"233","author":"Guan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI81135","article-title":"The biology and function of exosomes in cancer","volume":"126","author":"Kalluri","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1900735","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201900735","article-title":"A Sensitive Aptasensor Based on a Hemin\/G-Quadruplex-Assisted Signal Amplification Strategy for Electrochemical Detection of Gastric Cancer Exosomes","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0757-5","article-title":"Liquid biomarkers in melanoma: Detection and discovery","volume":"17","author":"Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14794","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c03839","article-title":"Biomimetic 3D Recognition with 2D Flexible Nanoarchitectures for Ultrasensitive and Visual Extracellular Vesicle Detection","volume":"94","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8102","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9102","article-title":"A plasmonic nanorod that walks on DNA origami","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202116932","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202116932","article-title":"A Self-Serviced-Track 3D DNA Walker for Ultrasensitive Detection of Tumor Exosomes by Glycoprotein Profiling","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alshannaq, A., and Yu, J.H. (2017). Occurrence, Toxicity, and Analysis of Major Mycotoxins in Food. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14060632"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126962","article-title":"Engineering DNA G-quadruplex assembly for label-free detection of Ochratoxin A in colorimetric and fluorescent dual modes","volume":"423","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.340782","article-title":"DNA tetrahedron-besieged primer and DNAzyme-activated programmatic RCA for low-background electrochemical detection of ochratoxin A","volume":"1242","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2022.339566","article-title":"A signal on-off fluorescence sensor based on the self-assembly DNA tetrahedron for simultaneous detection of ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B1","volume":"1198","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114164","article-title":"A fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering dual-mode aptasensor for rapid and sensitive detection of ochratoxin A","volume":"207","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1021\/jz401014b","article-title":"Plasmonic Core-Satellites Nanostructures with High Chirality and Bioproperty","volume":"4","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1703931","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201703931","article-title":"Chiral Shell Core-Satellite Nanostructures for Ultrasensitive Detection of Mycotoxin","volume":"14","author":"Cai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2013.07.053","article-title":"Ultrasensitive electrochemical cocaine biosensor based on reversible DNA nanostructure","volume":"51","author":"Sheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6718","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c02473","article-title":"Amplification-Free and Mix-and-Read Analysis of Multiplexed MicroRNAs on a Single Plasmonic Microbead","volume":"21","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46964","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c12088","article-title":"Non-autofluorescence Detection of H5N1 Virus Using Photochemical Aptamer Sensors Based on Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114059","article-title":"Multi-armed tetrahedral DNA probes for visualizing the whole-course of cell apoptosis by simultaneously fluorescence imaging intracellular cytochrome c and telomerase","volume":"205","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6860","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c00864","article-title":"Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructure with Multiple Target-Recognition Domains for Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection of Mucin 1","volume":"94","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112943","article-title":"Controllable design of a nano-bio aptasensing interface based on tetrahedral framework nucleic acids in an integrated microfluidic platform","volume":"176","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.2c02476","article-title":"DNA Tetrahedron-Based Valency Controlled Signal Probes for Tunable Protein Detection","volume":"8","author":"Mei","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4754","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201002767","article-title":"A DNA Nanostructure-based Biomolecular Probe Carrier Platform for Electrochemical Biosensing","volume":"22","author":"Pei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10941","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b02763","article-title":"Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer-Based DNA Nanoprism with a Split Aptamer for Adenosine Triphosphate Sensing in Living Cells","volume":"89","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.127570","article-title":"Mobile DNA tetrahedron on ultra-low adsorption lipid membrane for directional control of cell sensing","volume":"307","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24650","article-title":"Biotechnological mass production of DNA origami","volume":"552","author":"Praetorius","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113327","article-title":"DNA-encoded bimetallic Au-Pt dumbbell nanozyme for high-performance detection and eradication of Escherichia coli O157:H7","volume":"187","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-021-01020-4","article-title":"Programmable icosahedral shell system for virus trapping","volume":"20","author":"Sigl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/6\/3313\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:59:45Z","timestamp":1760122785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/6\/3313"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"references-count":157,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["s23063313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23063313","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]}}}