{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T11:09:21Z","timestamp":1775819361341,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Children undergoing DDH correction surgery may experience gait abnormalities following soft tissue releases and bony procedures. The purpose of this study was to compare the residual gait changes, radiological outcomes, and functional outcomes in children who underwent DDH surgery with those in healthy controls. Methods: Inertial motion sensors were used to record the gait of 14 children with DDH and 14 healthy children. Pelvic X-ray was performed to determine the Severin classification and the presence of femoral head osteonecrosis (Bucholz\u2013Odgen classification). For functional evaluation, the Children\u2019s Hospital Oakland Hip Evaluation Scale (CHOHES) was used. Results: There was no difference in spatial parameters between the two groups. In terms of temporal parameters, the DDH-affected limbs had a shorter stance phase (p &lt; 0.001) and a longer swing phase (p &lt; 0.001) than the control group. The kinematic study showed that the affected limb group had smaller hip adduction angle (p = 0.002) and increased internal rotation (p = 0.006) with reduced upward pelvic tilt (p = 0.020). Osteonecrosis was graded II, III, and IV in five, three, and one patients, respectively. Five patients had no AVN changes. The Severin classification was grade I, II, and III for six, three, and five patients, respectively. Most patients had good functional outcomes on the CHOHES, with a mean total score of 96.64 \u00b1 5.719. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that weight, height, and femoral osteotomy were independent predictors for gait, radiological and functional outcome. Conclusion: Despite good functional scores overall, some children had poor radiological outcomes and gait abnormalities. Our results identified the risk factors for poor outcomes, and we recommend specified rehabilitative strategies for long-term management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23073386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T03:16:46Z","timestamp":1679627806000},"page":"3386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Postsurgical Analysis of Gait, Radiological, and Functional Outcomes in Children with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Firdaus","family":"Aslam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3937-0597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamal","family":"Jamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ohnmar","family":"Htwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1283-6337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenda Saria","family":"Yuliawiratman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHT Rehabilitation Centre, Jalan Bioteknologi 1, Persiaran SILC, Kawasan Perindustrian SILC, lskandar Puteri 79200, Johor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1215-0789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elango","family":"Natarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4721-9400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irraivan","family":"Elamvazuthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amaramalar Selvi","family":"Naicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.11.024","article-title":"Residual gait deviations in adolescents treated during infancy for unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip using Pemberton\u2019s osteotomy","volume":"35","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"2309499017717197","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip: A current practice of paediatric orthopaedic surgeons","volume":"2","author":"Aljahdali","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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