{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T01:11:53Z","timestamp":1768007513016,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101017558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101017558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Central nervous system diseases (CNSDs) lead to significant disability worldwide. Mobile app interventions have recently shown the potential to facilitate monitoring and medical management of patients with CNSDs. In this direction, the characteristics of the mobile apps used in research studies and their level of clinical effectiveness need to be explored in order to advance the multidisciplinary research required in the field of mobile app interventions for CNSDs. A systematic review of mobile app interventions for three major CNSDs, i.e., Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and stroke, which impose significant burden on people and health care systems around the globe, is presented. A literature search in the bibliographic databases of PubMed and Scopus was performed. Identified studies were assessed in terms of quality, and synthesized according to target disease, mobile app characteristics, study design and outcomes. Overall, 21 studies were included in the review. A total of 3 studies targeted PD (14%), 4 studies targeted MS (19%), and 14 studies targeted stroke (67%). Most studies presented a weak-to-moderate methodological quality. Study samples were small, with 15 studies (71%) including less than 50 participants, and only 4 studies (19%) reporting a study duration of 6 months or more. The majority of the mobile apps focused on exercise and physical rehabilitation. In total, 16 studies (76%) reported positive outcomes related to physical activity and motor function, cognition, quality of life, and education, whereas 5 studies (24%) clearly reported no difference compared to usual care. Mobile app interventions are promising to improve outcomes concerning patient\u2019s physical activity, motor ability, cognition, quality of life and education for patients with PD, MS, and Stroke. However, rigorous studies are required to demonstrate robust evidence of their clinical effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23073396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T03:16:46Z","timestamp":1679627806000},"page":"3396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Mobile App Interventions for Parkinson\u2019s Disease, Multiple Sclerosis and Stroke: A Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Triantafyllidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thermi, Greece"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Segkouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thermi, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9384-1826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stelios","family":"Zygouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thermi, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Western Macedonia, 53100 Florina, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4222-469X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Michailidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catalink, 1040 Nicosia, Cyprus"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Avgerinakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catalink, 1040 Nicosia, Cyprus"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7960-3378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelia","family":"Fappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellics, London N1 7GU, UK"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Vassiliades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellics, London N1 7GU, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3006-8711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Bougea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eginition Hospital, 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Nikos","family":"Papagiannakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eginition Hospital, 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5283-9965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Katakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5756-6131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelos","family":"Mathioudis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6850-0912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru","family":"Sorici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University Politechnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Bajenaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University Politechnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5590-5152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Tageo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wise Angle, 08330 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Camonita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wise Angle, 08330 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Christoniki","family":"Magga-Nteve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thermi, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2505-9178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanos","family":"Vrochidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thermi, Greece"}]},{"given":"Ludovico","family":"Pedull\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla, 16149 Genoa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2026-3572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giampaolo","family":"Brichetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla, 16149 Genoa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9361-5922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Tsakanikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, National Technical University of Athens, 10682 Athens, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6381-8326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Votis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thermi, Greece"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Tzovaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thermi, Greece"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-018-0058-0","article-title":"Prevalence of Parkinson\u2019s Disease across 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