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In fact, tasks are offloaded or not, based on the status of vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. In this paper, device-to-device (D2D)-based V2V communication and multiple-input multiple-output and nonorthogonal multiple access (MIMO-NOMA)-based V2I communication are considered. In actual communication scenarios, the channel conditions for MIMO-NOMA-based V2I communication are uncertain, and the task arrival is random, leading to a highly complex environment for VEC systems. To solve this problem, we propose a power allocation scheme based on decentralized deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Since the action space is continuous, we employ the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm to obtain the optimal policy. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed approach with DRL and DDPG outperforms existing greedy strategies in terms of power consumption and reward.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23073449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T03:01:14Z","timestamp":1679886074000},"page":"3449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["A Power Allocation Scheme for MIMO-NOMA and D2D Vehicular Edge Computing Based on Decentralized DRL"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Dunxing","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4899-1718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4940-7453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qualcomm, San Jose, CA 95110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0658-6079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pingyi","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3512-7103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengquan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"Changzhou Key Laboratory of 5G + Industrial Internet Fusion Application, Changzhou 213001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4458-2239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Key Laboratory of Information and Communication on Security Backup and Recovery in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10397","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3121796","article-title":"Task Offloading and Resource Allocation for IoV Using 5G NR-V2X Communication","volume":"9","author":"Raza","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4229","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3103325","article-title":"Velocity-Adaptive Access Scheme for MEC-Assisted Platooning Networks: Access Fairness Via Data Freshness","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Q., Xia, S., Fan, Q., and Li, Z. 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