{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:01:48Z","timestamp":1760148108723,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Surface brachytherapy (BT) lacks standard quality assurance (QA) protocols. Commercially available treatment planning systems (TPSs) are based on a dose calculation formalism that assumes the patient is made of water, resulting in potential deviations between planned and delivered doses. Here, a method for treatment plan verification for skin surface BT is reported. Chips of thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were used for dose point measurements. High-dose-rate treatments were simulated and delivered through a custom-flap applicator provided with four fixed catheters to guide the Iridium-192 (Ir-192) source by way of a remote afterloading system. A flat water-equivalent phantom was used to simulate patient skin. Elekta TPS Oncentra Brachy was used for planning. TLDs were calibrated to Ir-192 through an indirect method of linear interpolation between calibration factors (CFs) measured for 250 kV X-rays, Cesium-137, and Cobalt-60. Subsequently, plans were designed and delivered to test the reproducibility of the irradiation set-up and to make comparisons between planned and delivered dose. The obtained CF for Ir-192 was (4.96 \u00b1 0.25) \u03bcC\/Gy. Deviations between measured and TPS calculated doses for multi-catheter treatment configuration ranged from \u22128.4% to 13.3% with an average of 0.6%. TLDs could be included in clinical practice for QA in skin BT with a customized flap applicator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23073592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T02:23:46Z","timestamp":1680143026000},"page":"3592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Use of Thermoluminescence Dosimetry for QA in High-Dose-Rate Skin Surface Brachytherapy with Custom-Flap Applicator"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Manna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics \u201cE. Pancini\u201d, Federico II University, 80126 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati, Federico II University, 80146 Naples, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4489-5048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariagabriella","family":"Pugliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics \u201cE. Pancini\u201d, Federico II University, 80126 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Section of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1694-5857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Buonanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Gherardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8298-1612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Iannacone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8952-3144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"La Verde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics \u201cE. Pancini\u201d, Federico II University, 80126 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Section of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Muto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Arrichiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.01.013","article-title":"GEC-ESTRO ACROP recommendations in skin brachytherapy","volume":"126","author":"Guinot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiother. 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