{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T01:15:10Z","timestamp":1769044510803,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]],"date-time":"2023-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Natural Science Foundation","award":["20ZR1439000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ZR1439000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study presents a glucose biosensor based on electrospun core\u2013sheath nanofibers. Two types of film were fabricated using different electrospinning procedures. Film F1 was composed solely of core\u2013sheath nanofibers fabricated using a modified coaxial electrospinning process. Film F2 was a double-layer hybrid film fabricated through a sequential electrospinning and blending process. The bottom layer of F2 comprised core\u2013sheath nanofibers fabricated using a modified process, in which pure polymethacrylate type A (Eudragit L100) was used as the core section and water-soluble lignin (WSL) and phenol were loaded as the sheath section. The top layer of F2 contained glucose oxidase (GOx) and gold nanoparticles, which were distributed throughout the polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 (PVP K90) nanofibers through a single-fluid blending electrospinning process. The study investigated the sequential electrospinning process in detail. The experimental results demonstrated that the F2 hybrid film had a higher degradation efficiency of \u03b2-D-glucose than F1, reaching a maximum of over 70% after 12 h within the concentration range of 10\u201340 mmol\/L. The hybrid film F2 is used for colorimetric sensing of \u03b2-D-glucose in the range of 1\u201315 mmol\/L. The solution exhibited a color that deepened gradually with an increase in \u03b2-D-glucose concentration. Electrospinning is flexible in creating structures for bio-cascade reactions, and the double-layer hybrid film can provide a simple template for developing other sensing nanomaterials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23073685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T02:32:27Z","timestamp":1680489147000},"page":"3685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["A Sequential Electrospinning of a Coaxial and Blending Process for Creating Double-Layer Hybrid Films to Sense Glucose"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yutong","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zili","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0764-6731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shixiong","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7825-4498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deng-Guang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Medical Device Materials, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiren","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0421-z","article-title":"Bioluminescent-Based Imaging and Quantification of Glucose Uptake in Vivo","volume":"16","author":"Maric","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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