{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:02:09Z","timestamp":1760148129930,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]],"date-time":"2023-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Regional Development Fund of the European Union","award":["T1E\u2206K-00350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T1E\u2206K-00350"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The design process of an integrated bandpass filter targeted for the noise filtering stage of the synchronous demodulation unit of an electric field mill sensor interface is presented. The purpose of this study of filter integration techniques is to avoid the challenging and, in some cases, impossible passive element integration process and to incorporate the final filter design in an entirely integrated field mill sensing system with superior performance and an optimized silicon-to-cost ratio. Four different CMOS filter implementations in the 0.18 \u03bcm process of XFAB, using OTA (Operational Transconductance Amplifier)-based configurations for passive element replacement in cascaded filter topologies and leapfrog techniques, are compared in terms of noise performance, total harmonic distortion, dynamic range, and power consumption, as well as in terms of integrability, silicon area, and performance degradation at process corners\/mismatches. The optimum filter design performance-wise and process-wise is included in the final design of the integrated analog readout of a field mill sensor, and post-layout simulation results of the total circuit are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23073688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T02:32:27Z","timestamp":1680489147000},"page":"3688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Integrated Filter Design for Analog Field Mill Sensor Interface"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5935-6357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoi","family":"Agorastou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics Laboratory, Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0005-2316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasios","family":"Michailidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics Laboratory, Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Lemonou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics Laboratory, Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafaela","family":"Themeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics Laboratory, Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1867-7488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Noulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics Laboratory, Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stylianos","family":"Siskos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics Laboratory, Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAS.1983.318035","article-title":"Development Of Field-Mill Instruments For Ground-Level And Above-Ground Electric Field Measurement Under HVDC Transmission Lines","volume":"PAS-102","author":"Maruvada","year":"1983","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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