{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:02:43Z","timestamp":1760148163357,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CEA"},{"name":"French Region Occitanie"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we demonstrate that a compact and inexpensive interferometric sensor based on the self-mixing effect in the laser cavity can be used for the characterization of shock waves. The sensor measures the changes in the refractive index induced by the shock wave. It is based on the self-mixing interferometry scheme. We describe the architecture of the dynamic sensor and the design of the experimental setup used for the characterization that involves a shock tube. Thus, we detail the experimental measurements for shock wave pressure amplitude of 5 bar and address their interpretation with regard to the most admitted models for acousto-optics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23073720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T02:03:00Z","timestamp":1680573780000},"page":"3720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Demonstration of Pressure Wave Observation by Acousto-Optic Sensing Using a Self-Mixing Interferometer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2174-4662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Maqueda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Analyse et d\u2019Architecture des Syst\u00e8mes (LAAS-CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INPT), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 2 Rue Charles Camichel, 31000 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), 46500 Gramat, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5097-452X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"Perchoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Analyse et d\u2019Architecture des Syst\u00e8mes (LAAS-CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INPT), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 2 Rue Charles Camichel, 31000 Toulouse, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1387-4781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Tronche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Analyse et d\u2019Architecture des Syst\u00e8mes (LAAS-CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INPT), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 2 Rue Charles Camichel, 31000 Toulouse, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0606-406X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Javier","family":"Imas Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Analyse et d\u2019Architecture des Syst\u00e8mes (LAAS-CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INPT), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 2 Rue Charles Camichel, 31000 Toulouse, France"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Genetier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), 46500 Gramat, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4302-5406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maylis","family":"Lavayssi\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), 46500 Gramat, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2795-8548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohan","family":"Barbarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), 46500 Gramat, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00193-006-0053-y","article-title":"Modeling spherical explosions with aluminized energetic materials","volume":"16","author":"Massoni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Shock Waves"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sochet, I. 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