{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:40:40Z","timestamp":1792809640179,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universiti Malaysia Kelantan","award":["R\/NICE \/B0500\/00950B\/001\/2021\/00916 (UMK-NICE)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R\/NICE \/B0500\/00950B\/001\/2021\/00916 (UMK-NICE)"]}]},{"name":"Universiti Malaysia Kelantan","award":["R\/FUND\/A0100\/01862A\/001\/2020\/00819 (UMK Fund)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R\/FUND\/A0100\/01862A\/001\/2020\/00819 (UMK Fund)"]}]},{"name":"Universiti Malaysia Kelantan","award":["Vot: 12M109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Vot: 12M109"]}]},{"name":"Research Start-up Program","award":["R\/NICE \/B0500\/00950B\/001\/2021\/00916 (UMK-NICE)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R\/NICE \/B0500\/00950B\/001\/2021\/00916 (UMK-NICE)"]}]},{"name":"Research Start-up Program","award":["R\/FUND\/A0100\/01862A\/001\/2020\/00819 (UMK Fund)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R\/FUND\/A0100\/01862A\/001\/2020\/00819 (UMK Fund)"]}]},{"name":"Research Start-up Program","award":["Vot: 12M109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Vot: 12M109"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As the most popular technologies of the 21st century, artificial intelligence (AI) and the internet of things (IoT) are the most effective paradigms that have played a vital role in transforming the agricultural industry during the pandemic. The convergence of AI and IoT has sparked a recent wave of interest in artificial intelligence of things (AIoT). An IoT system provides data flow to AI techniques for data integration and interpretation as well as for the performance of automatic image analysis and data prediction. The adoption of AIoT technology significantly transforms the traditional agriculture scenario by addressing numerous challenges, including pest management and post-harvest management issues. Although AIoT is an essential driving force for smart agriculture, there are still some barriers that must be overcome. In this paper, a systematic literature review of AIoT is presented to highlight the current progress, its applications, and its advantages. The AIoT concept, from smart devices in IoT systems to the adoption of AI techniques, is discussed. The increasing trend in article publication regarding to AIoT topics is presented based on a database search process. Lastly, the challenges to the adoption of AIoT technology in modern agriculture are also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23073752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T05:42:44Z","timestamp":1680673364000},"page":"3752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":160,"title":["Recent Advancements and Challenges of AIoT Application in Smart Agriculture: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8754-6206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasyiya Karimah","family":"Adli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Data Science & Computing, University Malaysia Kelantan, City Campus, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Akmal","family":"Remli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, City Campus, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khairul Nizar Syazwan","family":"Wan Salihin Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, City Campus, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3919-3367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nor Alina","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Data Science & Computing, University Malaysia Kelantan, City Campus, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3444-4393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Briones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n BISITE, Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica y Autom\u00e1tica, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca, Calle Espejo 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2829-1829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Corchado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n BISITE, Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica y Autom\u00e1tica, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca, Calle Espejo 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1079-4559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd Saberi","family":"Mohamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Data Science Lab, Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medical and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat3466","article-title":"Increase in crop losses to insect pests in a warming climate","volume":"361","author":"Deutsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2022, January 10). 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