{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T20:38:19Z","timestamp":1773434299633,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006013","name":"United Arab Emirates University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31N458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31N458"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents an effective way to design an RFID tag antenna to operate at three different frequencies by incorporating a switching technique. PIN diode has been used to switch the RF frequency because of its good efficiency and simplicity. The conventional dipole-based RFID tag has been improvised with added co-planar ground and PIN diode. The layout of the antenna is designed with a size of 0.083 \u03bb0 \u00d7 0.094 \u03bb0 at UHF (80\u2013960) MHz, where \u03bb0 is the free-space wavelength corresponding to the mid-point of the targeted UHF range. The RFID microchip is connected to the modified ground and dipole structures. Bending and meandering techniques on the dipole length help to match the complex chip impedance with the dipole impedance. Additionally, it scales down the total structure of the antenna. Two PIN diodes are placed along the dipole length at appropriate distances with proper biasing. The ON-OFF switching states of the PIN diodes enable the RFID tag antenna to switch over the frequency ranges (840\u2013845) MHz (India), 902\u2013928 MHz (North America), and 950\u2013955 MHz (Japan).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23083854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T03:24:18Z","timestamp":1681097058000},"page":"3854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Frequency Switchable Global RFID Tag Antennae with Metal Compatibility for Worldwide Vehicle Transportation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3655-6274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishna","family":"Mazumder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Aizwal 796012, Mizoram, India"}]},{"given":"Anumoy","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Aizwal 796012, Mizoram, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5582-8292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anagha","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Aizwal 796012, Mizoram, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3099-1752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarosh","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), 28911 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4548-9765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnan","family":"Ghaffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Mousa","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Finkelzeller, K. (2010). The RFID Handbook, John Wiley & Sons. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jouali, R., Aoutoul, M., Ouahmane, H., Ahmad, S., Had, A., El Moukhtafi, F., Parchin, N.O., See, C.H., and Abd-Alhameed, R. (2022). Design of an Analog RFID-Based Tag Antenna with Opened Circuited L-Shaped Stubs for Applications in Localization. Electronics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11071027"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ez-zaki, F., Belaid, K.A., Ahmad, S., Belahrach, H., Ghammaz, A., Al-Gburi, A.J.A., and Parchin, N.O. (2022). Circuit Modelling of Broadband Antenna Using Vector Fitting and Foster Form Approaches for IoT Applications. 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