{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T05:22:25Z","timestamp":1776489745558,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Regional Development Fund of the European Union and Greek national fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T1EDK-01888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T1EDK-01888"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is characterized by a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms, some of them pertaining to gait and balance. The use of sensors for the monitoring of patients\u2019 mobility and the extraction of gait parameters, has emerged as an objective method for assessing the efficacy of their treatment and the progression of the disease. To that end, two popular solutions are pressure insoles and body-worn IMU-based devices, which have been used for precise, continuous, remote, and passive gait assessment. In this work, insole and IMU-based solutions were evaluated for assessing gait impairment, and were subsequently compared, producing evidence to support the use of instrumentation in everyday clinical practice. The evaluation was conducted using two datasets, generated during a clinical study, in which patients with PD wore, simultaneously, a pair of instrumented insoles and a set of wearable IMU-based devices. The data from the study were used to extract and compare gait features, independently, from the two aforementioned systems. Subsequently, subsets comprised of the extracted features, were used by machine learning algorithms for gait impairment assessment. The results indicated that insole gait kinematic features were highly correlated with those extracted from IMU-based devices. Moreover, both had the capacity to train accurate machine learning models for the detection of PD gait impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23083902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T02:08:11Z","timestamp":1681265291000},"page":"3902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Evaluating Gait Impairment in Parkinson\u2019s Disease from Instrumented Insole and IMU Sensor Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2868-1720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassilis","family":"Tsakanikas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1161-4222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adamantios","family":"Ntanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PD Neurotechnology Ltd., GR 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5102-6185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Rigas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PD Neurotechnology Ltd., GR 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Androutsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8613-2746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Boucharas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8627-6352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Tachos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology\u2014Hellas, GR 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3279-8016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasileios","family":"Skaramagkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology\u2014Hellas, GR 70013 Heraklion, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR 71004 Heraklion, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1312-8401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chariklia","family":"Chatzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology\u2014Hellas, GR 70013 Heraklion, Greece"}]},{"given":"Zinovia","family":"Kefalopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, General University Hospital of Patras, GR 26504 Patras, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8454-1450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manolis","family":"Tsiknakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology\u2014Hellas, GR 70013 Heraklion, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR 71004 Heraklion, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7362-5082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Fotiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology\u2014Hellas, GR 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S304567","article-title":"Current Perspectives on the Assessment and Management of Gait Disorders in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. 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