{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T18:34:05Z","timestamp":1779215645445,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Fund","award":["SAST2019-048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAST2019-048"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Fund","award":["BNR2019TD01022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BNR2019TD01022"]}]},{"name":"the Cross-Media Intelligent Technology Project of Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)","award":["SAST2019-048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAST2019-048"]}]},{"name":"the Cross-Media Intelligent Technology Project of Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)","award":["BNR2019TD01022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BNR2019TD01022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Super-resolution (SR) images based on deep networks have achieved great accomplishments in recent years, but the large number of parameters that come with them are not conducive to use in equipment with limited capabilities in real life. Therefore, we propose a lightweight feature distillation and enhancement network (FDENet). Specifically, we propose a feature distillation and enhancement block (FDEB), which contains two parts: a feature-distillation part and a feature-enhancement part. Firstly, the feature-distillation part uses the stepwise distillation operation to extract the layered feature, and here we use the proposed stepwise fusion mechanism (SFM) to fuse the retained features after stepwise distillation to promote information flow and use the shallow pixel attention block (SRAB) to extract information. Secondly, we use the feature-enhancement part to enhance the extracted features. The feature-enhancement part is composed of well-designed bilateral bands. The upper sideband is used to enhance the features, and the lower sideband is used to extract the complex background information of remote sensing images. Finally, we fuse the features of the upper and lower sidebands to enhance the expression ability of the features. A large number of experiments show that the proposed FDENet both produces less parameters and performs better than most existing advanced models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23083906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T02:08:11Z","timestamp":1681265291000},"page":"3906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Lightweight Feature Distillation and Enhancement Network for Super-Resolution Remote Sensing Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6519-9343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Signal Detection and Processing, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7354-7494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liangliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering, Shanghai 201109, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaipeng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering, Shanghai 201109, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenhong","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1785-4024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongbing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Signal Detection and Processing, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"},{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4599","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2021.3073319","article-title":"GSDet: Object Detection in Aerial Images Based on Scale Reasoning","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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