{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T16:34:32Z","timestamp":1778603672829,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The last decade saw the emergence of highly autonomous, flexible, re-configurable Cyber-Physical Systems. Research in this domain has been enhanced by the use of high-fidelity simulations, including Digital Twins, which are virtual representations connected to real assets. Digital Twins have been used for process supervision, prediction, or interaction with physical assets. Interaction with Digital Twins is enhanced by Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality, and Industry 5.0-focused research is evolving with the involvement of the human aspect in Digital Twins. This paper aims to review recent research on Human-Centric Digital Twins (HCDTs) and their enabling technologies. A systematic literature review is performed using the VOSviewer keyword mapping technique. Current technologies such as motion sensors, biological sensors, computational intelligence, simulation, and visualization tools are studied for the development of HCDTs in promising application areas. Domain-specific frameworks and guidelines are formed for different HCDT applications that highlight the workflow and desired outcomes, such as the training of AI models, the optimization of ergonomics, the security policy, task allocation, etc. A guideline and comparative analysis for the effective development of HCDTs are created based on the criteria of Machine Learning requirements, sensors, interfaces, and Human Digital Twin inputs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23083938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T02:09:21Z","timestamp":1681351761000},"page":"3938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Human-Centric Digital Twins in Industry: A Comprehensive Review of Enabling Technologies and Implementation Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0640-8026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Usman","family":"Asad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 45750, Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Madeeha","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Innovation Research Group, Department of Engineering, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5270-6599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azfar","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Innovation Research Group, Department of Engineering, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2989-1559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waqas Akbar","family":"Lughmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 45750, Pakistan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nahavandi, S. 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