{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T02:30:43Z","timestamp":1776825043385,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EMPIR program cofinanced by the Participating States and from the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["20SIP04 qMOIF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20SIP04 qMOIF"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Magneto-optical indicator films (MOIFs) are a very useful tool for direct studies of the spatial distribution of magnetic fields and the magnetization processes in magnetic materials and industrial devices such as magnetic sensors, microelectronic components, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), and others. The ease of application and the possibility for direct quantitative measurements in combination with a straightforward calibration approach make them an indispensable tool for a wide spectrum of magnetic measurements. The basic sensor parameters of MOIFs, such as a high spatial resolution down to below 1 \u03bcm combined with a large spatial imaging range of up to several cm and a wide dynamic range from 10 \u03bcT to over 100 mT, also foster their application in various areas of scientific research and industry. The history of MOIF development totals approximately 30 years, and only recently have the underlying physics been completely described and detailed calibration approaches been developed. The present review first summarizes the history of MOIF development and applications and then presents the recent advances in MOIF measurement techniques, including the theoretical developments and traceable calibration methods. The latter make MOIFs a quantitative tool capable of measuring the complete vectorial value of a stray field. Furthermore, various scientific and industrial application areas of MOIFs are described in detail.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23084048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T05:51:41Z","timestamp":1681710701000},"page":"4048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Magneto-Optical Indicator Films: Fabrication, Principles of Operation, Calibration, and Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Lev","family":"Dorosinskiy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TUBITAK National Metrology Institute (TUBITAK UME), Dr. Zeki Acar Cad. No.1, Gebze 41470, Kocaeli, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6848-8984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sibylle","family":"Sievers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1098\/rstl.1846.0001","article-title":"Experimental researches in electricity\u2014Nineteenth series","volume":"136","author":"Faraday","year":"1846","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.105.104","article-title":"Structure of the intermediate state in superconducting lead","volume":"105","author":"Alers","year":"1957","journal-title":"Phys. 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