{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:29:06Z","timestamp":1776094146772,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"EC-funded Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme MindSpaces","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["825079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["825079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"EC-funded Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme MindSpaces","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["952133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["952133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"EC-funded Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme MindSpaces","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T2EDK-01856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2EDK-01856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"xR4DRAMA","award":["825079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["825079"]}]},{"name":"xR4DRAMA","award":["952133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["952133"]}]},{"name":"xR4DRAMA","award":["T2EDK-01856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2EDK-01856"]}]},{"name":"European Union and Greek national funds","award":["825079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["825079"]}]},{"name":"European Union and Greek national funds","award":["952133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["952133"]}]},{"name":"European Union and Greek national funds","award":["T2EDK-01856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2EDK-01856"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Seniors, in order to be able to fight loneliness, need to communicate with other people and be engaged in activities to keep their minds active to increase their social capital. There is an intensified interest in the development of social virtual reality environments, either by commerce or by academia, to address the problem of social isolation of older people. Due to the vulnerability of the social group involved in this field of research, the need for the application of evaluation methods regarding the proposed VR environments becomes even more important. The range of techniques that can be exploited in this field is constantly expanding, with visual sentiment analysis being a characteristic example. In this study, we introduce the use of image-based sentiment analysis and behavioural analysis as a technique to assess a social VR space for elders and present some promising preliminary results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23084130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T05:35:46Z","timestamp":1681968946000},"page":"4130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Assessing Virtual Reality Spaces for Elders Using Image-Based Sentiment Analysis and Stress Level Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0027-0153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makrina Viola","family":"Kosti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, CERTH-ITI, 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0729-8992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nefeli","family":"Georgakopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, CERTH-ITI, 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9969-6436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sotiris","family":"Diplaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, CERTH-ITI, 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"given":"Theodora","family":"Pistola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, CERTH-ITI, 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Chatzistavros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, CERTH-ITI, 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7394-8412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasileios-Rafail","family":"Xefteris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, CERTH-ITI, 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6599-4446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athina","family":"Tsanousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, CERTH-ITI, 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2505-9178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanos","family":"Vrochidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, CERTH-ITI, 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6447-9020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Kompatsiaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, CERTH-ITI, 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-010-0124-7","article-title":"Use of virtual reality technique for the training of motor control in the elderly","volume":"43","author":"Schoene","year":"2010","journal-title":"Z. 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