{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T23:32:17Z","timestamp":1783035137652,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale per la Assicurazione contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro","award":["PR19-RR-P1\u2014TwinMED"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PR19-RR-P1\u2014TwinMED"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper reports the architecture of a low-cost smart crutches system for mobile health applications. The prototype is based on a set of sensorized crutches connected to a custom Android application. Crutches were instrumented with a 6-axis inertial measurement unit, a uniaxial load cell, WiFi connectivity, and a microcontroller for data collection and processing. Crutch orientation and applied force were calibrated with a motion capture system and a force platform. Data are processed and visualized in real-time on the Android smartphone and are stored on the local memory for further offline analysis. The prototype\u2019s architecture is reported along with the post-calibration accuracy for estimating crutch orientation (5\u00b0 RMSE in dynamic conditions) and applied force (10 N RMSE). The system is a mobile-health platform enabling the design and development of real-time biofeedback applications and continuity of care scenarios, such as telemonitoring and telerehabilitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23084151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T02:05:31Z","timestamp":1682042731000},"page":"4151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["mCrutch: A Novel m-Health Approach Supporting Continuity of Care"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1262-9899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerio Antonio","family":"Arcobelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering (DEI), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Zauli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering (DEI), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0838-6249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Galteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering (DIN), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Umberto Terracini 24-28, 40131 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7473-6868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Cristofolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering (DIN), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Umberto Terracini 24-28, 40131 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2318-4370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Chiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering (DEI), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2408-5830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Cappello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering (DEI), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0637-9472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"De Marchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering (DEI), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7688-0188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabato","family":"Mellone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering (DEI), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2012.2223227","article-title":"An Instrumented Walking Aid to Assess and Retrain Gait","volume":"19","author":"Culmer","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE\/ASME Trans. 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