{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T12:19:46Z","timestamp":1766578786065,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002770","name":"Cabinet Office, Government of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPJ009237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPJ009237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002770","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, Cross-ministerial Moonshot Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research and Development Program","award":["JPJ009237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPJ009237"]}]},{"name":"Technologies for Smart Bio-industry and Agriculture","award":["JPJ009237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPJ009237"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) using rumen bacteria have been proposed as a power source for running devices inside cattle. In this study, we explored the key parameters of the conventional bamboo charcoal electrode in an attempt to improve the amount of electrical power generated by the microbial fuel cell. We evaluated the effects of the electrode\u2019s surface area, thickness, and rumen content on power generation and determined that only the electrode\u2019s surface area affects power generation levels. Furthermore, our observations and bacterial count on the electrode revealed that rumen bacteria concentrated on the surface of the bamboo charcoal electrode and did not penetrate the interior, explaining why only the electrode\u2019s surface area affected power generation levels. A Copper (Cu) plate and Cu paper electrodes were also used to evaluate the effect of different electrodes on measuring the rumen bacteria MFC\u2019s power potential, which had a temporarily higher maximum power point (MPP) compared to the bamboo charcoal electrode. However, the open circuit voltage and MPP decreased significantly over time due to the corrosion of the Cu electrodes. The MPP for the Cu plate electrode was 775 mW\/m2 and the MPP for the Cu paper electrode was 1240 mW\/m2, while the MPP for bamboo charcoal electrodes was only 18.7 mW\/m2. In the future, rumen bacteria MFCs are expected to be used as the power supply of rumen sensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23084162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T06:54:19Z","timestamp":1682060059000},"page":"4162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparative Studies on Electrodes for Rumen Bacteria Microbial Fuel Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Yashiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6542-2800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michitaka","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Muneta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba-shi 305-0856, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba-shi 305-0856, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reina","family":"Nishiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba-shi 305-0856, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shozo","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba-shi 305-0856, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6502-7819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seiichi","family":"Takamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pesch, A.H., and Scavelli, P.N. 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