{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T13:57:07Z","timestamp":1775829427122,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, various sophisticated methods, including machine learning and artificial intelligence, have been employed to examine health-related data. Medical professionals are acquiring enhanced diagnostic and treatment abilities by utilizing machine learning applications in the healthcare domain. Medical data have been used by many researchers to detect diseases and identify patterns. In the current literature, there are very few studies that address machine learning algorithms to improve healthcare data accuracy and efficiency. We examined the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms in improving time series healthcare metrics for heart rate data transmission (accuracy and efficiency). In this paper, we reviewed several machine learning algorithms in healthcare applications. After a comprehensive overview and investigation of supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms, we also demonstrated time series tasks based on past values (along with reviewing their feasibility for both small and large datasets).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23094178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T03:04:08Z","timestamp":1682305448000},"page":"4178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":275,"title":["A Comprehensive Review on Machine Learning in Healthcare Industry: Classification, Restrictions, Opportunities and Challenges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4869-1763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8345-0952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saifur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0242-4187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James Jin","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computing and Security, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Machine learning in healthcare data analysis: A survey","volume":"8","author":"Dhillon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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