{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T21:24:50Z","timestamp":1772573090583,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation High-level Talents Project","award":["2019RC097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019RC097"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation High-level Talents Project","award":["20-HN-XZ-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-HN-XZ-03"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation High-level Talents Project","award":["Qhys2021-45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qhys2021-45"]}]},{"name":"Key Consulting Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering","award":["2019RC097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019RC097"]}]},{"name":"Key Consulting Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering","award":["20-HN-XZ-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-HN-XZ-03"]}]},{"name":"Key Consulting Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering","award":["Qhys2021-45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qhys2021-45"]}]},{"name":"Innovative Research Project of Graduate Students in Hainan Province","award":["2019RC097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019RC097"]}]},{"name":"Innovative Research Project of Graduate Students in Hainan Province","award":["20-HN-XZ-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-HN-XZ-03"]}]},{"name":"Innovative Research Project of Graduate Students in Hainan Province","award":["Qhys2021-45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qhys2021-45"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>From the viewpoint of BDS bridge displacement monitoring, which is easily affected by background noise and the calculation of a fixed threshold value in the wavelet filtering algorithm, which is often related to the data length. In this paper, a data processing method of Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN), combined with adaptive threshold wavelet de-noising is proposed. The adaptive threshold wavelet filtering method composed of the mean and variance of wavelet coefficients of each layer is used to de-noise the BDS displacement monitoring data. CEEMDAN was used to decompose the displacement response data of the bridge to obtain the intrinsic mode function (IMF). Correlation coefficients were used to distinguish the noisy component from the effective component, and the adaptive threshold wavelet de-noising occurred on the noisy component. Finally, all IMF were restructured. The simulation experiment and the BDS displacement monitoring data of Nanmao Bridge were verified. The results demonstrated that the proposed method could effectively suppress random noise and multipath noise, and effectively obtain the real response of bridge displacement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23094268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T01:44:42Z","timestamp":1682473482000},"page":"4268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Displacement Monitoring of a Bridge Based on BDS Measurement by CEEMDAN\u2013Adaptive Threshold Wavelet Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Chunlan","family":"Mo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huanyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guannan","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5458-9509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinghang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2010.09.013","article-title":"Measurement of the dynamic displacements and of the modal frequencies of a short-span pedestrian bridge using GPS and an accelerometer","volume":"33","author":"Moschas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eng. 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