{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T11:21:44Z","timestamp":1783077704487,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NASCERE project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, there has been an increase in the number of reports on textile-based dry electrodes that can detect biopotentials without the need for electrolytic gels. However, these textile electrodes have a higher electrode skin interface impedance due to the improper contact between the skin and the electrode, diminishing the reliability and repeatability of the sensor. To facilitate improved skin\u2013electrode contact, the effects of load and holding contact pressure were monitored for an embroidered textile electrode composed of multifilament hybrid thread for its application as a surface electromyography (sEMG) sensor. The effect of the textile\u2019s inter-electrode distance and double layering of embroidery that increases the density of the conductive threads were studied. Electrodes embroidered onto an elastic strap were wrapped around the forearm with a hook and loop fastener and tested for their performance. Time domain features such as the Root Mean Square (RMS), Average Rectified Value (ARV), and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) were quantitatively monitored in relation to the contact pressure and load. Experiments were performed in triplicates, and the sEMG signal characteristics were observed for various loads (0, 2, 4, and 6 kg) and holding contact pressures (5, 10, and 20 mmHg). sEMG signals recorded with textile electrodes were comparable in amplitude to those recorded using typical Ag\/AgCl electrodes (28.45 dB recorded), while the signal-to-noise ratios were, 11.77, 19.60, 19.91, and 20.93 dB for the different loads, and 21.33, 23.34, and 17.45 dB for different holding pressures. The signal quality increased as the elastic strap was tightened further, but a pressure higher than 20 mmHg is not recommended because of the discomfort experienced by the subjects during data collection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23094397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T12:12:11Z","timestamp":1682943131000},"page":"4397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evaluation of Novel Embroidered Textile-Electrodes Made from Hybrid Polyamide Conductive Threads for Surface EMG Sensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4379-5494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bulcha Belay","family":"Etana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium"},{"name":"Jimma Institute of Technology (JiT), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8383-8068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benny","family":"Malengier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Kwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medtronic, 710 Medtronic Parkway Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN 55432-5604, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9931-8187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janarthanan","family":"Krishnamoorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jimma Institute of Technology (JiT), School of Biomedical Engineering, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieva Van","family":"Langenhove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albulbul, A. (2016). Evaluating Major Electrode Types for Idle Biological Signal Measurements for Modern Medical Technology. Bio-Eng., 3.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering3030020"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2021, January 20). Designing and Evaluating a Wearable Semg Device for the Elderly. 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