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This is a critical problem in cyber security. In recent years, metaheuristic optimization algorithms and deep learning techniques have been applied to IDS to improve their accuracy and efficiency. Generally, optimization algorithms can be used to boost the performance of IDS models. Deep learning methods, such as convolutional neural networks, have also been used to improve the ability of IDS to detect and classify intrusions. In this paper, we propose a new IDS model based on the combination of deep learning and optimization methods. First, a feature extraction method based on CNNs is developed. Then, a new feature selection method is used based on a modified version of Growth Optimizer (GO), called MGO. We use the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) to boost the search process of the GO. Extensive evaluation and comparisons have been conducted to assess the quality of the suggested method using public datasets of cloud and Internet of Things (IoT) environments. The applied techniques have shown promising results in identifying previously unknown attacks with high accuracy rates. The MGO performed better than several previous methods in all experimental comparisons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23094430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T12:12:11Z","timestamp":1682943131000},"page":"4430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Enhancing Intrusion Detection Systems for IoT and Cloud Environments Using a Growth Optimizer Algorithm and Conventional Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9097-0945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"Fatani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Computer Science Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4561-2185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelghani","family":"Dahou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Sciences and Mathematics, Ahmed Draia University, Adrar 01000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7682-6269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abd Elaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"},{"name":"Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC), Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Department of Artificial Intelligence Science and Engineering, Galala University, Suze 435611, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos 13-5053, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6956-7641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed A. A.","family":"Al-qaness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4489-2488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songfeng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9364-3678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saad Ali","family":"Alfadhli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Techniques Engineering, Imam Al-Kadhum College, Baghdad 10081, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1613-6124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shayem Saleh","family":"Alresheedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"War College, National Defense University, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2022.08.011","article-title":"TAD: Transfer learning-based multi-adversarial detection of evasion attacks against network intrusion detection systems","volume":"138","author":"Debicha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Future Gener. 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