{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T15:46:00Z","timestamp":1764603960478,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2017YFA0701301","22175085","21875101","020514380002","SKLACLS2219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFA0701301","22175085","21875101","020514380002","SKLACLS2219"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2017YFA0701301","22175085","21875101","020514380002","SKLACLS2219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFA0701301","22175085","21875101","020514380002","SKLACLS2219"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2017YFA0701301","22175085","21875101","020514380002","SKLACLS2219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFA0701301","22175085","21875101","020514380002","SKLACLS2219"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011400","name":"the State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFA0701301","22175085","21875101","020514380002","SKLACLS2219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFA0701301","22175085","21875101","020514380002","SKLACLS2219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011400","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Soft biological tissues perform various functions. Sensory nerves bring sensations of light, voice, touch, pain, or temperature variation to the central nervous system. Animal senses have inspired tremendous sensors for biomedical applications. Following the same principle as photosensitive nerves, we design flexible ionic hydrogels to achieve a biologic photosensor. The photosensor allows responding to near-infrared light, which is converted into a sensory electric signal that can communicate with nerve cells. Furthermore, with adjustable thermal and\/or electrical signal outputs, it provides abundant tools for biological regulation. The tunable photosensitive performances, high flexibility, and low cost endow the photosensor with widespread applications ranging from neural prosthetics to human\u2013machine interfacing systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23094560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T03:34:53Z","timestamp":1683516893000},"page":"4560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Hydrogels for Highly Flexible Bionic Photosensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1696-9807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0822-6501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junpeng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qundong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5929","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b00599","article-title":"Extremely Elastic Wearable Carbon Nanotube Fiber Strain Sensor for Monitoring of Human Motion","volume":"9","author":"Ryu","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6680","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR01011G","article-title":"A wearable strain sensor based on a carbonized nano-sponge\/silicone composite for human motion detection","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5747","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6747","article-title":"Stretchable silicon nanoribbon electronics for skin prosthesis","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. 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