{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T18:59:36Z","timestamp":1783450776096,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001348","name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A20F5a0043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A20F5a0043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001348","name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A19F1a0104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A19F1a0104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Conformability, lightweight, consistency and low cost due to batch fabrication in situ on host structures are the attractive advantages of ultrasonic transducers made of piezoelectric polymer coatings for structural health monitoring (SHM). However, knowledge about the environmental impacts of piezoelectric polymer ultrasonic transducers is lacking, limiting their widespread use for SHM in industries. The purpose of this work is to evaluate whether direct-write transducers (DWTs) fabricated from piezoelectric polymer coatings can withstand various natural environmental impacts. The ultrasonic signals of the DWTs and properties of the piezoelectric polymer coatings fabricated in situ on the test coupons were evaluated during and after exposure to various environmental conditions, including high and low temperatures, icing, rain, humidity, and the salt fog test. Our experimental results and analyses showed that it is promising for the DWTs made of piezoelectric P(VDF-TrFE) polymer coating with an appropriate protective layer to pass various operational conditions according to US standards.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23104696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T09:56:18Z","timestamp":1683885378000},"page":"4696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Environmental Robustness and Resilience of Direct-Write Ultrasonic Transducers Made from P(VDF-TrFE) Piezoelectric Coating"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jin Kyu","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Voon-Kean","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6046-469X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Boon Kiang","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Percis Teena","family":"Christopher Subhodayam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5875-4815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kui","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1002\/stc.1652","article-title":"A European Association for the Control of Structures joint perspective. 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