{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:24:02Z","timestamp":1768436642647,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work implements an intelligent forest monitoring system using the Internet of things (IoT) with the wireless network communication technology of a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN), a long range (LoRa), and a narrow-band Internet of things (NB-IoT). A solar micro-weather station with LoRa-based sensors and communications was built to monitor the forest status and information such as the light intensity, air pressure, ultraviolet intensity, CO2, etc. Moreover, a multi-hop algorithm for the LoRa-based sensors and communications is proposed to solve the problem of long-distance communication without 3G\/4G. For the forest without electricity, we installed solar panels to supply electricity for the sensors and other equipment. In order to avoid the problem of insufficient solar panels due to insufficient sunlight in the forest, we also connected each solar panel to a battery to store electricity. The experimental results show the implementation of the proposed method and its performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23104809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T01:58:06Z","timestamp":1684288686000},"page":"4809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Realization of Forest Internet of Things Using Wireless Network Communication Technology of Low-Power Wide-Area Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1647-1769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China"}]},{"given":"Ren-Jie","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Applied Chinese Studies, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Shuo-Tsung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Information Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Yen-Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Zi-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-017-0846-z","article-title":"The implementation of a cloud city traffic state assessment system using a novel big data architecture","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clust. 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