{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T13:04:38Z","timestamp":1775567078751,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Sao Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\/22308-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/22308-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Sao Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/19845-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/19845-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil","award":["2014\/22308-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/22308-0"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil","award":["2017\/19845-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/19845-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The neural correlates of locomotion impairments observed in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) are not fully understood. We investigated whether people with PD present distinct brain electrocortical activity during usual walking and the approach phase of obstacle avoidance when compared to healthy individuals. Fifteen people with PD and fourteen older adults walked overground in two conditions: usual walking and obstacle crossing. Scalp electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded using a mobile 64-channel EEG system. Independent components were clustered using a k-means clustering algorithm. Outcome measures included absolute power in several frequency bands and alpha\/beta ratio. During the usual walk, people with PD presented a greater alpha\/beta ratio in the left sensorimotor cortex than healthy individuals. While approaching obstacles, both groups reduced alpha and beta power in the premotor and right sensorimotor cortices (balance demand) and increased gamma power in the primary visual cortex (visual demand). Only people with PD reduced alpha power and alpha\/beta ratio in the left sensorimotor cortex when approaching obstacles. These findings suggest that PD affects the cortical control of usual walking, leading to a greater proportion of low-frequency (alpha) neuronal firing in the sensorimotor cortex. Moreover, the planning for obstacle avoidance changes the electrocortical dynamics associated with increased balance and visual demands. People with PD rely on increased sensorimotor integration to modulate locomotion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23104866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T07:35:50Z","timestamp":1684395350000},"page":"4866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Electrocortical Dynamics of Usual Walking and the Planning to Step over Obstacles in Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7128-9452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Vit\u00f3rio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7658-6883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen","family":"Lirani-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Orcioli-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4640-7733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor Spiandor","family":"Beretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil"},{"name":"School of Technology and Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2186-8100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson Souza","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilian Teresa Bucken","family":"Gobbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.16062","article-title":"Functional Neuroanatomy for Posture and Gait Control","volume":"10","author":"Takakusaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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