{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T19:26:47Z","timestamp":1784662007522,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52265068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52265068"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["20224BAB204050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20224BAB204050"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["KLCEZ2022-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KLCEZ2022-02"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["GJJ2200627"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ2200627"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","award":["52265068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52265068"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","award":["20224BAB204050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20224BAB204050"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","award":["KLCEZ2022-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KLCEZ2022-02"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","award":["GJJ2200627"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ2200627"]}]},{"name":"Carrier and Equipment Key Laboratory Project of the Ministry of Education","award":["52265068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52265068"]}]},{"name":"Carrier and Equipment Key Laboratory Project of the Ministry of Education","award":["20224BAB204050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20224BAB204050"]}]},{"name":"Carrier and Equipment Key Laboratory Project of the Ministry of Education","award":["KLCEZ2022-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KLCEZ2022-02"]}]},{"name":"Carrier and Equipment Key Laboratory Project of the Ministry of Education","award":["GJJ2200627"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ2200627"]}]},{"name":"Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education","award":["52265068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52265068"]}]},{"name":"Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education","award":["20224BAB204050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20224BAB204050"]}]},{"name":"Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education","award":["KLCEZ2022-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KLCEZ2022-02"]}]},{"name":"Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education","award":["GJJ2200627"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ2200627"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traditional methods of gearbox fault diagnosis rely heavily on manual experience. To address this problem, our study proposes a gearbox fault diagnosis method based on multidomain information fusion. An experimental platform consisting of a JZQ250 fixed-axis gearbox was built. An acceleration sensor was used to obtain the vibration signal of the gearbox. Singular value decomposition (SVD) was used to preprocess the signal in order to reduce noise, and the processed vibration signal was subjected to short-time Fourier transform to obtain a two-dimensional time\u2013frequency map. A multidomain information fusion convolutional neural network (CNN) model was constructed. Channel 1 was a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1DCNN) model that input a one-dimensional vibration signal, and channel 2 was a two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2DCNN) model that input short-time Fourier transform (STFT) time\u2013frequency images. The feature vectors extracted using the two channels were then fused into feature vectors for input into the classification model. Finally, support vector machines (SVM) were used to identify and classify the fault types. The model training performance used multiple methods: training set, verification set, loss curve, accuracy curve and t-SNE visualization (t-SNE). Through experimental verification, the method proposed in this paper was compared with FFT-2DCNN, 1DCNN-SVM and 2DCNN-SVM in terms of gearbox fault recognition performance. The model proposed in this paper had the highest fault recognition accuracy (98.08%).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23104921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T10:08:55Z","timestamp":1684490935000},"page":"4921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Multidomain Information Fusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Fengyun","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Electrical and Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China"},{"name":"Life-Cycle Technology Innovation Center of Intelligent Transportation Equipment, Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Electrical and Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiandong","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Electrical and Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Electrical and Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Electrical and Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China"},{"name":"Life-Cycle Technology Innovation Center of Intelligent Transportation Equipment, Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanmao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Electrical and Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China"},{"name":"Life-Cycle Technology Innovation Center of Intelligent Transportation Equipment, Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tong, S., Li, J., Cong, F., Fu, Z., and Tong, Z. 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