{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T15:06:16Z","timestamp":1784646376963,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Plan Project","award":["2020YFB2010800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB2010800"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Plan Project","award":["62205330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205330"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundations of China","award":["2020YFB2010800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB2010800"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundations of China","award":["62205330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205330"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As spectroscopic detection technology rapidly advances, back-illuminated InGaAs detectors with a wider spectral range have emerged. Compared to traditional detectors such as HgCdTe, CCD, and CMOS, InGaAs detectors offer a working range of 400\u20131800 nm and exhibit a quantum efficiency of over 60% in both the visible and near-infrared bands. This is leading to the demand for innovative designs of imaging spectrometers with wider spectral ranges. However, the widening of the spectral range has led to the presence of significant axial chromatic aberration and secondary spectrum in imaging spectrometers. Additionally, there is difficulty in aligning the system optical axis perpendicular to the detector image plane, resulting in increased challenges during post-installation adjustment. Based on chromatic aberration correction theory, this paper presents the design of a wide spectral range transmission prism-grating imaging spectrometer with a working range of 400\u20131750 nm using Code V. The spectral range of this spectrometer covers both the visible and near-infrared regions, which is beyond the capability of traditional PG spectrometers. In the past, the working spectral range of transmission-type PG imaging spectrometers has been limited to 400\u20131000 nm. This study\u2019s proposed chromatic aberration correction process involves selecting optical glass materials that match the design requirements and correcting the axial chromatic aberration and secondary spectrum, ensuring that the system axis is perpendicular to the detector plane and easy to adjust during installation. The results show that the spectrometer has a spectral resolution of 5 nm, a root-mean-square spot diagram less than 8 \u03bcm over the full field of view, and an optical transfer function MTF greater than 0.6 at a Nyquist frequency of 30 lp\/mm. The system size is less than 90 mm. Spherical lenses are employed in the system design to reduce manufacturing costs and complexity while meeting the requirements of wide spectral range, miniaturization, and easy installation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23115050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T02:30:06Z","timestamp":1684981806000},"page":"5050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Design of a Prism-Grating Wide Spectral Range Transmittance Imaging Spectrometer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guochao","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanshuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4291-0729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoxu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1414","article-title":"Design of a modular transmission imaging spectrometer","volume":"35","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"2322001","article-title":"Design and research of a self-correcting imaging spectrometer system based on PGP","volume":"41","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Opt."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2018.11.062","article-title":"Comparison and analysis of wavelength calibration methods for prism\u2014Grating imaging spectrometer","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Results Phys."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"37","article-title":"Imaging spectrometer optical design based on prism- grating-prism dispersing device","volume":"33","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6270","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.32.006270","article-title":"Extremely achromatic f\/1.0 all-spherical camera constructed for the high-resolution echelle spectrometer of the Keck telescope","volume":"32","author":"Epps","year":"1993","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1117\/12.317264","article-title":"SPIFFI: A high-resolution near-infrared imaging spectrometer","volume":"Volume 3354","author":"Tecza","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infrared Astronomical Instrumentation"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kulko, R.D., Pletl, A., Mempel, H., Wahl, F., and Elser, B. (2023). OpenVNT: An Open Platform for VIS-NIR Technology. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23063151"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sobanski, N., Tuzson, B., Scheidegger, P., Looser, H., H\u00fcglin, C., and Emmenegger, L. (2022). A High-Precision Mid-Infrared Spectrometer for Ambient HNO3 Measurements. Sensors, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/s22239158"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F8","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.57.0000F8","article-title":"Optical design of a short-wave infrared prism-grating imaging spectrometer","volume":"57","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, J.Y., Lee, S., and Jang, W.K. (2023). Performance-Enhanced Static Modulated Fourier Transform Spectrometer with a Spectral Reconstruction. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052603"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alonso, K., Bachmann, M., Burch, K., Carmona, E., Cerra, D., De los Reyes, R., Dietrich, D., Heiden, U., H\u00f6lderlin, A., and Ickes, J. (2019). Data products, quality and validation of the DLR earth sensing imaging spectrometer (DESIS). Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19204471"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"140","article-title":"Optimization Design Method for Optical System of Prism-Grating Ultraspectral Imaging Spectrometers","volume":"34","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Opt."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.3788\/OPE.20142202.0266","article-title":"Design of long-wave infrared imaging spectrometer with eliminating spectral curvature","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Precis. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.3788\/co.20150806.0957","article-title":"Optical design of the NA 0.75 plan-apochromatic microscope objective","volume":"8","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. Opt."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"2993","article-title":"Design of front objective for wide spectrum imaging spectrometer","volume":"41","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infrared Laser Eng."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.71.000811","article-title":"Rigorous couple-wave analys is os planar-grating diffraction","volume":"71","author":"Moharam","year":"1981","journal-title":"OSA"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1969.tb01198.x","article-title":"Couple wave theory for thick hologram grating","volume":"48","author":"Kogelnik","year":"1969","journal-title":"Bell Syst. Tech. J."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1102","article-title":"Analysis of volume hologram grating through a matrix method","volume":"28","author":"Dejun","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Photonica Sin."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, X., Yi, X., Lin, C., Fang, W., Wang, K., Xia, Z., and Quan, J. (2020). Instrument Development: Chinese Radiometric Benchmark of Reflected Solar Band Based on Space Cryogenic Absolute Radiometer. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12172856"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-022-00750-7","article-title":"Characteristics of solar-irradiance spectra from measurements, modeling, and theoretical approach","volume":"11","author":"Thuillier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Light Sci. Appl."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/11\/5050\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:41:33Z","timestamp":1760125293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/11\/5050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s23115050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23115050","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]}}}