{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T02:36:17Z","timestamp":1775097377831,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61971469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61971469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AFMD-KFJJ-21105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AFMD-KFJJ-21105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially-Structured Functional Materials and Devices","award":["61971469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61971469"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially-Structured Functional Materials and Devices","award":["AFMD-KFJJ-21105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AFMD-KFJJ-21105"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A fixed-frequency beam-scanning leaky-wave antenna (LWA) array with three switchable dual-polarized beams is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed LWA array consists of three groups of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) LWAs with different modulation period lengths and a control circuit. Each group of SPPs LWAs can independently control the beam steering at a fixed frequency by loading varactor diodes. The proposed antenna can be configured in both multi-beam mode and single-beam mode, where the multi-beam mode with optional two or three dual-polarized beams. The beam width can be flexibly adjusted from narrow to wide by switching between multi-beam and single-beam states. The prototype of the proposed LWA array is fabricated and measured, and both simulation and experimental results show that the antenna can accomplish a fixed frequency beam scanning at an operating frequency of 3.3 to 3.8 GHz with a maximum scanning range of about 35\u00b0 in multi-beam mode and about 55\u00b0 in single-beam mode. It could be a promising candidate for application in the space\u2013air\u2013ground integrated network scenario in satellite communication and future 6G communication systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23115070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T02:00:19Z","timestamp":1685066419000},"page":"5070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Dual-Polarized Multi-Beam Fixed-Frequency Beam Scanning Leaky-Wave Antenna"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0498-9442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dapeng","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Marine Communication Institute, Wuhan 430205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoxiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Bie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Marine Communication Institute, Wuhan 430205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7966-2992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongjin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially-Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2017.1700043","article-title":"Radio resource management in future terrestrial-satellite communication networks","volume":"24","author":"Kuang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. 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