{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T16:37:00Z","timestamp":1780763820143,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"City of Vienna Magistrat 23"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Handwriting learning disabilities, such as dysgraphia, have a serious negative impact on children\u2019s academic results, daily life and overall well-being. Early detection of dysgraphia facilitates an early start of targeted intervention. Several studies have investigated dysgraphia detection using machine learning algorithms with a digital tablet. However, these studies deployed classical machine learning algorithms with manual feature extraction and selection as well as binary classification: either dysgraphia or no dysgraphia. In this work, we investigated the fine grading of handwriting capabilities by predicting the SEMS score (between 0 and 12) with deep learning. Our approach provided a root-mean-square error of less than 1 with automatic instead of manual feature extraction and selection. Furthermore, the SensoGrip smart pen SensoGrip was used, i.e., a pen equipped with sensors to capture handwriting dynamics, instead of a tablet, enabling writing evaluation in more realistic scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23115215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T07:21:51Z","timestamp":1685517711000},"page":"5215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Handwriting Evaluation Using Deep Learning with SensoGrip"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mugdim","family":"Bublin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Digital Communication, Department Technics, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, 1100 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5833-3583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franz","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Assisting Engineering, Department Technics & Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, 2FH Campus Wien, 1100 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Kerschbaumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Assisting Engineering, Department Technics & Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, 2FH Campus Wien, 1100 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gernot","family":"Korak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Tech Manufacturing, Department Technics, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, 1100 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Geyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Tech Manufacturing, Department Technics, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, 1100 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Rettinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Assisting Engineering, Department Technics & Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, 2FH Campus Wien, 1100 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erna","family":"Sch\u00f6nthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Therapy, Department Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, 1100 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Schmid-Kietreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Digital Communication, Department Technics, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, 1100 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S46","DOI":"10.21037\/tp.2019.11.01","article-title":"Disorder of written expression and dysgraphia: Definition, diagnosis, and management","volume":"9","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. 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