{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T08:52:44Z","timestamp":1767084764566,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation (DFG)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KO 4340\/5-1","VE 183\/7-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KO 4340\/5-1","VE 183\/7-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We introduce a novel ultra-low power system for tracking animal movements over long periods with an unprecedented high-temporal-resolution. The localization principle is based on the detection of cellular base stations using a miniaturized software-defined radio, weighing 2.0 g, including the battery, and having a size equivalent to two stacked 1-euro cent coins. Therefore, the system is small and lightweight enough to be deployed on small, wide-ranging, or migrating animals, such as European bats, for movement analysis with an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. The position estimation relies on a post-processing probabilistic RF pattern-matching method based on the acquired base stations and power levels. In several field tests, the system has been successfully verified, and a run-time of close to one year has been demonstrated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23115236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T02:39:47Z","timestamp":1685587187000},"page":"5236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mobile-BAT\u2014A Novel Ultra-Low Power Wildlife Tracking System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2959-7747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Erhardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Frequency Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestra\u00dfe 22, 21073 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Electronics Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Cauerstra\u00dfe 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6309-9517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biogeography, University of Trier, Universit\u00e4tsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Kiefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biogeography, University of Trier, Universit\u00e4tsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7530-4856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Veith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biogeography, University of Trier, Universit\u00e4tsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3131-1800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Weigel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Electronics Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Cauerstra\u00dfe 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9071-5661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Koelpin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Frequency Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestra\u00dfe 22, 21073 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13094","article-title":"Optimizing the use of biologgers for movement ecology research","volume":"89","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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