{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:12:45Z","timestamp":1768781565745,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award":["424778381\u2013TRR 295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["424778381\u2013TRR 295"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award":["EXC-2049\u2014390688087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC-2049\u2014390688087"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award":["R336-2020-1035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R336-2020-1035"]}]},{"name":"Lundbeck Foundation as part of the collaborative project","award":["424778381\u2013TRR 295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["424778381\u2013TRR 295"]}]},{"name":"Lundbeck Foundation as part of the collaborative project","award":["EXC-2049\u2014390688087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC-2049\u2014390688087"]}]},{"name":"Lundbeck Foundation as part of the collaborative project","award":["R336-2020-1035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R336-2020-1035"]}]},{"name":"Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung\/Foundation","award":["424778381\u2013TRR 295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["424778381\u2013TRR 295"]}]},{"name":"Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung\/Foundation","award":["EXC-2049\u2014390688087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC-2049\u2014390688087"]}]},{"name":"Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung\/Foundation","award":["R336-2020-1035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R336-2020-1035"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bradykinesia is a cardinal hallmark of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). Improvement in bradykinesia is an important signature of effective treatment. Finger tapping is commonly used to index bradykinesia, albeit these approaches largely rely on subjective clinical evaluations. Moreover, recently developed automated bradykinesia scoring tools are proprietary and are not suitable for capturing intraday symptom fluctuation. We assessed finger tapping (i.e., Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) item 3.4) in 37 people with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PwP) during routine treatment follow ups and analyzed their 350 sessions of 10-s tapping using index finger accelerometry. Herein, we developed and validated ReTap, an open-source tool for the automated prediction of finger tapping scores. ReTap successfully detected tapping blocks in over 94% of cases and extracted clinically relevant kinematic features per tap. Importantly, based on the kinematic features, ReTap predicted expert-rated UPDRS scores significantly better than chance in a hold out validation sample (n = 102). Moreover, ReTap-predicted UPDRS scores correlated positively with expert ratings in over 70% of the individual subjects in the holdout dataset. ReTap has the potential to provide accessible and reliable finger tapping scores, either in the clinic or at home, and may contribute to open-source and detailed analyses of bradykinesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23115238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T02:39:47Z","timestamp":1685587187000},"page":"5238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A First Methodological Development and Validation of ReTap: An Open-Source UPDRS Finger Tapping Assessment Tool Based on Accelerometer-Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jeroen G. V.","family":"Habets","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9 Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Rachel K.","family":"Spooner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}]},{"given":"Varvara","family":"Mathiopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9 Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1290-208X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia K.","family":"Feldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9 Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1280-5928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes L.","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9 Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Roediger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9 Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1963-9798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bahne H.","family":"Bahners","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}]},{"given":"Alfons","family":"Schnitzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Florin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}]},{"given":"Andrea A.","family":"K\u00fchn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9 Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"397","author":"Bloem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Lond. 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