{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:12:23Z","timestamp":1760148743529,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62003157","2021JJ30581","2022JJ50153","20B515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62003157","2021JJ30581","2022JJ50153","20B515"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China","award":["62003157","2021JJ30581","2022JJ50153","20B515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62003157","2021JJ30581","2022JJ50153","20B515"]}]},{"name":"Research Foundation of Education Bureau for Outstanding Young Scholars of Hunan Province, China","award":["62003157","2021JJ30581","2022JJ50153","20B515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62003157","2021JJ30581","2022JJ50153","20B515"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In practical wireless sensor networks (WSNs), cascading failures are closely related to network load distribution, which in turn strongly relies on the locations of multiple sink nodes. For such a network, understanding how the multisink placement affects its cascading robustness is essential but still largely missing in the field of complex networks. To this end, this paper puts forward an actual cascading model for WSNs based on the multisink-oriented load distribution characteristics, in which two load redistribution mechanisms (i.e., global routing and local routing) are designed to imitate the most commonly used routing schemes. On this basis, a number of topological parameters are considered to quantify the sinks\u2019 locations, and then, the relationship between these quantities with network robustness is investigated on two typical WSN topologies. Moreover, by employing the simulated annealing approach, we find the optimal multisink placement for maximizing network robustness and compare the topological quantities before and after the optimization to validate our findings. The results indicate that for the sake of enhancing the cascading robustness of a WSN, it is better to place its sinks as hubs and decentralize these sinks, which is independent of network structure and routing scheme.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23115337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T02:57:47Z","timestamp":1685933867000},"page":"5337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cascading Robustness Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks with Varying Multisink Placement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minsheng","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17429","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3082168","article-title":"Wireless-sensor network topology optimization in complex terrain: A bayesian approach","volume":"8","author":"Oroza","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icte.2017.12.005","article-title":"A comparative study of LPWAN technologies for large-scale IoT deployment","volume":"5","author":"Mekki","year":"2019","journal-title":"ICT Express"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25912","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3117995","article-title":"A green data collection & transmission method for IoT-based WSN in disaster management","volume":"21","author":"Nandan","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. 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