{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:12:51Z","timestamp":1760148771029,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization","award":["PCE171\/2021","POCU\/380\/6\/13\/123927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCE171\/2021","POCU\/380\/6\/13\/123927"]}]},{"name":"European Social Fund","award":["PCE171\/2021","POCU\/380\/6\/13\/123927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCE171\/2021","POCU\/380\/6\/13\/123927"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, there has been an expansion in the development of simulators that use virtual reality (VR) as a learning tool. In surgery where robots are used, VR serves as a revolutionary technology to help medical doctors train in using these robotic systems and accumulate knowledge without risk. This article presents a study in which VR is used to create a simulator designed for robotically assisted single-uniport surgery. The control of the surgical robotic system is achieved using voice commands for laparoscopic camera positioning and via a user interface developed using the Visual Studio program that connects a wristband equipped with sensors attached to the user\u2019s hand for the manipulation of the active instruments. The software consists of the user interface and the VR application via the TCP\/IP communication protocol. To study the evolution of the performance of this virtual system, 15 people were involved in the experimental evaluation of the VR simulator built for the robotic surgical system, having to complete a medically relevant task. The experimental data validated the initial solution, which will be further developed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23125400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T02:02:28Z","timestamp":1686189748000},"page":"5400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Integration of Virtual Reality in the Control System of an Innovative Medical Robot for Single-Incision Laparoscopic Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Florin","family":"Covaciu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Industrial Robots Simulation and Testing\u2014CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}]},{"given":"Nicolae","family":"Crisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2822-9790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calin","family":"Vaida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Industrial Robots Simulation and Testing\u2014CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}]},{"given":"Iulia","family":"Andras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5804-575X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru","family":"Pusca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Industrial Robots Simulation and Testing\u2014CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4427-6231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan","family":"Gherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Industrial Robots Simulation and Testing\u2014CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}]},{"given":"Corina","family":"Radu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Tucan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Industrial Robots Simulation and Testing\u2014CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}]},{"given":"Nadim","family":"Al Hajjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7014-9431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doina","family":"Pisla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Industrial Robots Simulation and Testing\u2014CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.05.037","article-title":"Robot Assisted Partial Nephrectomy Versus Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Tumors: A Multi-Institutional Analysis of Perioperative Outcomes","volume":"182","author":"Benway","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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