{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:09:31Z","timestamp":1776816571975,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017580","name":"RNP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01245.010604\/2020-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01245.010604\/2020-14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017580","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017580","name":"RNP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["302589\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302589\/2021-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017580","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Radiocommunication Reference Center (Centro de Refer\u00eancia em Radiocomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, CRR)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01245.010604\/2020-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01245.010604\/2020-14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Radiocommunication Reference Center (Centro de Refer\u00eancia em Radiocomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, CRR)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["302589\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302589\/2021-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, the Gini index detector (GID) has been proposed as an alternative for data-fusion cooperative spectrum sensing, being mostly suitable for channels with line-of-sight or dominant multi-path components. The GID is quite robust against time-varying noise and signal powers, has the constant false-alarm rate property, can outperform many the state-of-the-art robust detectors, and is one of the simplest detectors developed so far. The modified GID (mGID) is devised in this article. It inherits the attractive attributes of the GID, yet with a computational cost far below the GID. Specifically, the time complexity of the mGID obeys approximately the same run-time growth rate of the GID, but has a constant factor approximately 23.4 times smaller. Equivalently, the mGID takes approximately 4% of the computation time spent to calculate the GID test statistic, which brings a huge reduction in the latency of the spectrum sensing process. Moreover, this latency reduction comes with no performance loss with respect to the GID.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23125403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T02:02:28Z","timestamp":1686189748000},"page":"5403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Modified Gini Index Detector for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing over Line-of-Sight Channels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1304-792X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dayan Adionel","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Telecommunications\u2014Inatel, Av. Jo\u00e3o de Camargo 510, Santa Rita do Sapuca\u00ed 37540-000, MG, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Federal Communications Commission, FCC (2002). 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