{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:48:56Z","timestamp":1777952936370,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2022M720063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M720063"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["BK20220440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20220440"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2021r040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021r040"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China","award":["2022M720063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M720063"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China","award":["BK20220440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20220440"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China","award":["2021r040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021r040"]}]},{"name":"Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","award":["2022M720063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M720063"]}]},{"name":"Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","award":["BK20220440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20220440"]}]},{"name":"Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","award":["2021r040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021r040"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, a reconfigurable ultra-wideband transmissive terahertz polarization rotator based on graphene metamaterial is proposed that can switch between two states of polarization rotation within a broad terahertz band by changing the Fermi level of graphene. The proposed reconfigurable polarization rotator is based on a two-dimensional periodic array of multilayer graphene metamaterial structure, which is composed of metal grating, graphene grating, silicon dioxide thin film, and a dielectric substrate. The graphene metamaterial can achieve high co-polarized transmission of a linearly polarized incident wave at the off-state of the graphene grating without applying the bias voltage. Once the specially designed bias voltage is applied to change the Fermi level of graphene, the polarization rotation angle of linearly polarized waves is switched to 45\u00b0 by the graphene metamaterial at the on-state. The working frequency band with 45-degree linear polarized transmission remaining above 0.7 and the polarization conversion ratio (PCR) above 90% is from 0.35 to 1.75 THz, and the relative bandwidth reaches 133.3% of the central working frequency. Furthermore, even with oblique incidence at large angles, the proposed device retains high-efficiency conversion in a broad band. The proposed graphene metamaterial offers a novel approach for the design of a terahertz tunable polarization rotator and is expected to be applied in the applications of terahertz wireless communication, imaging, and sensing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23125449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T02:03:18Z","timestamp":1686276198000},"page":"5449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Design of a Reconfigurable Ultra-Wideband Terahertz Polarization Rotator Based on Graphene Metamaterial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Guowen","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Applied Electromagnetics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Applied Electromagnetics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Applied Electromagnetics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Applied Electromagnetics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shenyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Applied Electromagnetics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05343","article-title":"Active Terahertz Metamaterial Devices","volume":"444","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2021.104447","article-title":"Tunable quad-band perfect metamaterial absorber on the basis of monolayer graphene pattern and its sensing application","volume":"26","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Results Phys."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2019.08.002","article-title":"Terahertz plasmonics: The rise of toroidal metadevices towards immunobiosensings","volume":"32","author":"Ahmadivand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. 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