{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:15:57Z","timestamp":1760148957234,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1F1A1063273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1F1A1063273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study considers an improved likelihood probability in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems using one-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). MIMO systems using one-bit ADCs are known to exhibit from performance degradation because of inaccurate likelihood probabilities. To overcome this degradation, the proposed method leverages the detected symbols to estimate the true likelihood probability by combining the initial likelihood probability. An optimization problem is formulated to minimize the mean-squared error between the true and combined likelihood probabilities, and a solution is derived using the least-squares method. Simulation results show that the proposed method obtains a signal-to-noise gain of approximately 0.3 dB to achieve a frame error rate of 10\u22121 compared to conventional methods. This improvement in performance is attributed to the enhanced reliability of the likelihood probability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23125542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T02:01:40Z","timestamp":1686708100000},"page":"5542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Improved Likelihood Probability in MIMO Systems Using One-Bit ADCs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9629-7413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae-Kyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6894453","article-title":"Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO: The Next Wireless Revolution?","volume":"52","author":"Swindlehurst","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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