{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T03:22:39Z","timestamp":1771125759824,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFA0714504-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0714504-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021G05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021G05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Wuhan Railway Bureau R&amp;D Project","award":["2020YFA0714504-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0714504-1"]}]},{"name":"Wuhan Railway Bureau R&amp;D Project","award":["2021G05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021G05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The safety of railway transportation is crucial to social and economic development. Therefore, real-time monitoring of the rail is particularly necessary. The current track circuit structure is complex and costly, posing challenges to monitoring broken tracks using alternative methods. As a non-contact detection technology with a lower environmental impact, electromagnetic ultrasonic transducers (EMATs) have become a concern. However, traditional EMATs have problems such as low conversion efficiency and complex modes, which can limit their effectiveness for long-distance monitoring. Therefore, this study introduces a novel dual-magnet phase-stacked EMAT (DMPS-EMAT) design comprising two magnets and a dual-layer winding coil arrangement. The magnets are positioned at a distance equal to the wavelength of the A0 wave from each other, while the center distance between the two sets of coils beneath the transducer is also equal to the wavelength. After analyzing the dispersion curves of the rail waist, it was determined that the optimal frequency for long-distance rail monitoring is 35 kHz. At this frequency, adjusting the relative positions of the two magnets and the coil directly underneath to be one A0 wavelength can effectively excite a constructive interference A0 wave in the rail waist. The simulation and experimental results show that DMPS-EMAT excited a single-mode A0 wave, resulting in a 1.35-times increase in amplitude.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23125583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T02:28:56Z","timestamp":1686796136000},"page":"5583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Development of DMPS-EMAT for Long-Distance Monitoring of Broken Rail"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8897-6926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wujun","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China"}]},{"given":"Zhiyang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Signal & Communication Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5154-2000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsiang-Chen","family":"Chui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5717-8438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"681","article-title":"Investigation of the glued insulated rail joints applied to CWR tracks","volume":"19","author":"Fischer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Facta Univ. 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