{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:11:07Z","timestamp":1774541467130,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program","award":["2018YFA0702900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFA0702900"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program","award":["2022J007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022J007"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo","award":["2018YFA0702900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFA0702900"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo","award":["2022J007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022J007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tungsten heavy alloys (WHAs) are an extremely hard-to-machine material extensively used in demanding applications such as missile liners, aerospace, and optical molds. However, the machining of WHAs remains a challenging task as a result of their high density and elastic stiffness which lead to the deterioration of the machined surface roughness. This paper proposes a brand-new multi-objective dung beetle algorithm. It does not take the cutting parameters (i.e., cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut) as the optimization objects but directly optimizes cutting forces and vibration signals monitored using a multi-sensor (i.e., dynamometer and accelerometer). The cutting parameters in the WHA turning process are analyzed through the use of the response surface method (RSM) and the improved dung beetle optimization algorithm. Experimental verification shows that the algorithm has better convergence speed and optimization ability compared with similar algorithms. The optimized forces and vibration are reduced by 9.7% and 46.47%, respectively, and the surface roughness Ra of the machined surface is reduced by 18.2%. The proposed modeling and optimization algorithms are anticipated to be powerful to provide the basis for the parameter optimization in the cutting of WHAs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23125616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T02:54:33Z","timestamp":1686884073000},"page":"5616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Optimization of Tungsten Heavy Alloy Cutting Parameters Based on RSM and Reinforcement Dung Beetle Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"},{"name":"Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2015.05.046","article-title":"Effect of alloying addition and microstructural parameters on mechanical properties of 93% tungsten heavy alloys","volume":"640","author":"Kiran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-016-9292-y","article-title":"Micro cutting of pure tungsten using self-developed polycrystalline diamond slotting tools","volume":"89","author":"Zhong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmhm.2018.02.005","article-title":"Non-destructive measurement of the tungsten content in the binder phase of tungsten heavy alloys","volume":"73","author":"Marschnigg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2019.01.146","article-title":"Preparation and properties of ultrafine-grained W-Cu composites reinforced with tungsten fibers","volume":"243","author":"Zhuo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmhm.2019.01.011","article-title":"Microstructure characterization of W-Ni-Fe heavy alloys with optimized metallographic preparation method","volume":"80","author":"Jiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E496","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0891914jes","article-title":"Modification of tungsten heavy alloy by selective electrochemical etching in sodium carbonate electrolyte","volume":"166","author":"Niu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2011.05.002","article-title":"Surface integrity in material removal processes: Recent advances","volume":"60","author":"Jawahir","year":"2011","journal-title":"CIRP Ann."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11465-022-0715-1","article-title":"Design of ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting system for tungsten heavy alloy","volume":"17","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-020-01669-9","article-title":"On-line prediction of ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting surface roughness of tungsten heavy alloy based on deep learning","volume":"33","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Intell. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3943","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-022-10293-1","article-title":"Theoretical and numerical studies of surface microstructural transformation in ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting tungsten heavy alloys","volume":"123","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-013-5045-3","article-title":"Wear behavior of natural diamond tool in cutting tungsten-based alloy","volume":"69","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmhm.2020.105379","article-title":"Evaluation of tool wear mechanisms and tool performance in machining single-phase tungsten","volume":"94","author":"Olsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wear.2021.203929","article-title":"A comparative study on tool life and wear of uncoated and coated cutting tools in turning of tungsten heavy alloys","volume":"482","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wear"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2021.159193","article-title":"Additive manufacturing of W-12Ta (wt.%) alloy: Processing and resulting mechanical properties","volume":"868","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"025103","DOI":"10.1088\/2631-7990\/abefb8","article-title":"Theoretical and experimental investigation of chemical mechanical polishing of W\u2013Ni\u2013Fe alloy","volume":"3","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Extrem. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mfglet.2020.07.004","article-title":"Suppression of grain boundary steps in chemical mechanical polishing of W-Ni-Fe alloy by a citric acid-based slurry","volume":"25","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Manuf. Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-022-03300-2","article-title":"A hybrid MCDM-based optimization method for cutting-type energy-absorbing structures of subway vehicles","volume":"65","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Struct. Multidiscip. Optim."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanvir, M.H., Hussain, A., Rahman, M.M.T., Ishraq, S., Zishan, K., Rahul, S.T.T., and Habib, M.A. (2020). Multi-objective optimization of turning operation of stainless steel using a hybrid whale optimization algorithm. J. Manuf. Mater. Process., 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmmp4030064"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-021-05877-z","article-title":"Multi-objective optimization of steel AISI 1040 dry turning using genetic algorithm","volume":"33","author":"Vukelic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7305","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-022-04959-6","article-title":"Dung beetle optimizer: A new meta-heuristic algorithm for global optimization","volume":"79","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Supercomput."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbas, A.T., Al-Abduljabbar, A.A., El Rayes, M.M., Benyahia, F., Abdelgaliel, I.H., and Elkaseer, A. (2023). Multi-Objective Optimization of Performance Indicators in Turning of AISI 1045 under Dry Cutting Conditions. Metals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/met13010096"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tseng, L.W., Hu, T.S., and Hu, Y.C. (2021). A Smart Tool Holder Calibrated by Machine Learning for Measuring Cutting Force in Fine Turning and Its Application to the Specific Cutting Force of Low Carbon Steel S15C. Machines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/machines9090190"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Segreto, T., Caggiano, A., Karam, S., and Teti, R. (2017). Vibration sensor monitoring of nickel-titanium alloy turning for machinability evaluation. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201703.0092.v1"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"15","article-title":"Non-dominated sorting whale optimization algorithm (NSWOA): A multi-objective optimization algorithm for solving engineering design problems","volume":"17","author":"Jangir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob. J. Res. Eng."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/12\/5616\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:56:03Z","timestamp":1760126163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/12\/5616"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s23125616"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23125616","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]}}}