{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T18:47:09Z","timestamp":1775069229460,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,18]],"date-time":"2023-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Suspended particulate matter (PMx) is one of the most important environmental pollutants. Miniaturized sensors capable of measuring and analyzing PMx are crucial in environmental research fields. The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is one of the most well-known sensors that could be used to monitor PMx. In general, in environmental pollution science, PMx is divided into two main categories correlated to particle diameter (e.g., PM &lt; 2.5 \u00b5m and PM &lt; 10 \u00b5m). QCM-based systems are capable of measuring this range of particles, but there is an important issue that limits the application. In fact, if particles with different diameters are collected on QCM electrodes, the response will be a result of the total mass of particles; there are no simple methods to discriminate the mass of the two categories without the use of a filter or manipulation during sampling. The QCM response depends on particle dimensions, fundamental resonant frequency, the amplitude of oscillation, and system dissipation properties. In this paper, we study the effects of oscillation amplitude variations and fundamental frequency (10, 5, and 2.5 MHz) values on the response, when particle matter with different sizes (2 \u00b5m and 10 \u00b5m) is deposited on the electrodes. The results showed that the 10 MHz QCM was not capable of detecting the 10 \u00b5m particles, and its response was not influenced by oscillation amplitude. On the other hand, the 2.5 MHz QCM detected the diameters of both particles, but only if a low amplitude value was used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23125682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T02:29:19Z","timestamp":1687141759000},"page":"5682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effects of Oscillation Amplitude Variations on QCM Response to Microspheres of Different Sizes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4344-5547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emiliano","family":"Zampetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research\u2014National Research Council (IIA\u2014CNR), Research Area of Rome 1, Strada Provinciale 35d, 9-00010 Montelibretti, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0241-7179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Aurora","family":"Mancuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research\u2014National Research Council (IIA\u2014CNR), Research Area of Rome 1, Strada Provinciale 35d, 9-00010 Montelibretti, Italy"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Dirri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Astrophysics INAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"Palomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Astrophysics INAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3794-3988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Papa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research\u2014National Research Council (IIA\u2014CNR), Research Area of Rome 1, Strada Provinciale 35d, 9-00010 Montelibretti, Italy"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Capocecera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research\u2014National Research Council (IIA\u2014CNR), Research Area of Rome 1, Strada Provinciale 35d, 9-00010 Montelibretti, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7513-6581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Bearzotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research\u2014National Research Council (IIA\u2014CNR), Research Area of Rome 1, Strada Provinciale 35d, 9-00010 Montelibretti, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6015-4832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Macagnano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research\u2014National Research Council (IIA\u2014CNR), Research Area of Rome 1, Strada Provinciale 35d, 9-00010 Montelibretti, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3089-8942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Scaccabarozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Department, Polytechnic University of Milan, Via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2012.02213.x","article-title":"Air pollution: Impact and prevention","volume":"17","author":"Teran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.09.061","article-title":"Air pollution in the last 50 years\u2013From local to global","volume":"43","author":"Fenger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. 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