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With the advent of hyper-connected factories, the role of these protocols is gaining relevance, as they enable the real-time acquisition of machine monitoring data, which can fuel real-time data analysis platforms that conduct tasks such as predictive maintenance. However, the effectiveness of these protocols is largely unknown and there is a lack of empirical evaluation which compares their performance. In this work, we evaluate OPC-UA, Modbus, and Ethernet\/IP with three machine tools to assess their performance and their complexity of use from a software perspective. Our results show that Modbus provides the best latency figures and communication has different complexities depending on the used protocol, from the software perspective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23125694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T02:29:19Z","timestamp":1687141759000},"page":"5694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Assessing Industrial Communication Protocols to Bridge the Gap between Machine Tools and Software Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9261-2974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Endika","family":"Tapia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aeronautics Advanced Manufacturing Center, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7290-854X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Sastoque-Pinilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aeronautics Advanced Manufacturing Center, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2707-8946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Unai","family":"Lopez-Novoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aeronautics Advanced Manufacturing Center, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Computer Languages and Systems, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I\u00f1igo","family":"Bediaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ideko, 20870 Elgoibar, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1573-2787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norberto","family":"L\u00f3pez de Lacalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aeronautics Advanced Manufacturing Center, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"618","article-title":"Methods of Manufacturing Data Acquisition for Production Management\u2014 A Review","volume":"837","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. 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