{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T21:41:52Z","timestamp":1784583712564,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The integration of the physical and digital world has become increasingly important, and location-based services have become the most sought-after application in the field of the Internet of Things (IoT). This paper delves into the current research on ultra-wideband (UWB) indoor positioning systems (IPS). It begins by examining the most common wireless communication-based technologies for IPSs followed by a detailed explanation of UWB. Then, it presents an overview of the unique characteristics of UWB technology and the challenges still faced by the IPS implementation. Finally, the paper evaluates the advantages and limitations of using machine learning algorithms for UWB IPS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23125710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T02:26:56Z","timestamp":1687228016000},"page":"5710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Indoor Positioning System (IPS) Using Ultra-Wide Bandwidth (UWB)\u2014For Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Fuhu","family":"Che","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3957-5341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qasim Zeeshan","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5091-2567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavlos I.","family":"Lazaridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradorn","family":"Sureephong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Temitope","family":"Alade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4325","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3128970","article-title":"A Non-Stationary 3D Model for 6G Massive MIMO mmWave UAV Channels","volume":"21","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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