{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:16:02Z","timestamp":1760148962731,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000192","name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA20NES4320003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA20NES4320003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin-Madison","award":["NA20NES4320003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA20NES4320003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study highlights hyperspectral infrared observations from the Marine-Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (M-AERI) collected as part of the Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF) deployment on the icebreaker RV Polarstern during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. The ARM M-AERI directly measures the infrared radiance emission spectrum between 520 cm\u22121 and 3000 cm\u22121 (19.2\u20133.3 \u03bcm) at 0.5 cm\u22121 spectral resolution. These ship-based observations provide a valuable set of radiance data for the modeling of snow\/ice infrared emission as well as validation data for the assessment of satellite soundings. Remote sensing using hyperspectral infrared observations provides valuable information on sea surface properties (skin temperature and infrared emissivity), near-surface air temperature, and temperature lapse rate in the lowest kilometer. Comparison of the M-AERI observations with those from the DOE ARM meteorological tower and downlooking infrared thermometer are generally in good agreement with some notable differences. Operational satellite soundings from the NOAA-20 satellite were also assessed using ARM radiosondes launched from the RV Polarstern and measurements of the infrared snow surface emission from the M-AERI showing reasonable agreement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23125755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T02:30:51Z","timestamp":1687314651000},"page":"5755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hyperspectral Infrared Observations of Arctic Snow, Sea Ice, and Non-Frozen Ocean from the RV Polarstern during the MOSAiC Expedition October 2019 to September 2020"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ester","family":"Nikolla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1934-7672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Knuteson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Gero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2015.05.005","article-title":"A decade of environmental change in the Pacific Arctic region","volume":"136","author":"Wood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. 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