{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:15:41Z","timestamp":1760148941319,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Austrian Federal Ministry of Labour and Economy"},{"name":"National Foundation for Research, Technology and Development"},{"name":"Christian Doppler Research association"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The accuracy of radio-based positioning is heavily influenced by a dense multipath (DM) channel, leading to poor position accuracy. The DM affects both time of flight (ToF) measurements extracted from wideband (WB) signals\u2014specifically, if the bandwidth is below 100 MHz\u2014as well as received signal strength (RSS) measurements, due to the interference of multipath signal components onto the information-bearing line-of-sight (LoS) component. This work proposes an approach for combining these two different measurement technologies, leading to a robust position estimation in the presence of DM. We assume that a large ensemble of densely-spaced devices is to be positioned. We use RSS measurements to determine \u201cclusters\u201d of devices in the vicinity of each other. Joint processing of the WB measurements from all devices in a cluster efficiently suppresses the influence of the DM. We formulate an algorithmic approach for the information fusion of the two technologies and derive the corresponding Cram\u00e9r-Rao lower bound (CRLB) to gain insight into the performance trade-offs at hand. We evaluate our results by simulations and validate the approach with real-world measurement data. The results show that the clustering approach can halve the root-mean-square error (RMSE) from about 2 m to below 1 m, using WB signal transmissions in the 2.4 GHz ISM band at a bandwidth of about 80 MHz.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23125772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T02:30:51Z","timestamp":1687314651000},"page":"5772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Wideband TDoA Positioning Exploiting RSS-Based Clustering"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3573-2346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Signal Processing and Speech Communication Laboratory, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Location-Aware Electronic Systems, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Wielandner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Signal Processing and Speech Communication Laboratory, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Location-Aware Electronic Systems, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6440-3939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Neunteufel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Location-Aware Electronic Systems, 1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Electrodynamics, Microwave and Circuit Engineering, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9218-5510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holger","family":"Arthaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Location-Aware Electronic Systems, 1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Electrodynamics, Microwave and Circuit Engineering, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1056-2133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus","family":"Witrisal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Signal Processing and Speech Communication Laboratory, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Location-Aware Electronic Systems, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neunteufel, D., Grebien, S., and Arthaber, H. 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